Collaborative healthcare leadership white paper guide
A 1,000-1,500 word white paper in APA 6th format, built out from the Center for Creative Leadership's six-part collaborative healthcare leadership model and Menaker's 2009 article, advocating a position or solution and supported by at least five additional scholarly or professional sources.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 12, 2026
What makes a white paper different from the term paper you would default to?
A white paper is a genre with a job, and the brief tells you what the job is: to advocate for a particular position or solution to a problem. That is not what a term paper does. A term paper surveys what is known and arrives at a balanced summary; a white paper identifies a problem an organisation has, argues for one response, and anticipates the objection. The brief even links to a writing resource on the form, which is a signal that the marker expects genre compliance rather than an essay wearing a different name. The practical consequence is structural: your paper needs a problem statement, a recommendation, an argument, and a treatment of the strongest counter-case, and it needs those before it needs a literature review. If a reader could finish your paper without knowing what you want them to do, the genre requirement has not been met however good the prose is.
The two named starting points are starting points, not the subject. The Center for Creative Leadership's six-part model and Menaker's article on leadership strategies in healthcare are there to give you a framework and a vocabulary, and the brief explicitly says you may take the research in any direction that makes sense from them. That permission is worth using, because a paper that simply describes six parts of somebody else's model has not advocated anything. Name the problem early and you earn the right to spend the rest of the paper on one answer to it. Pick one problem that the model illuminates — the boundary-spanning problem across service lines, or shared leadership on a unit where the formal hierarchy is medical and the operational one is nursing — and argue a solution for it. The model then becomes the analytical lens rather than the content, which is how a source is supposed to be used at this level of study.
Two constraints deserve checking early. The word count is tight for a paper that needs five additional sources beyond the two supplied: at 1,500 words, seven sources means you cannot introduce each one, so plan to cite in support of claims rather than to describe studies. And the brief bans Wikipedia, other wikis and answer sites, which is worth reading as a positive instruction — it is telling you the expected sources are professional and scholarly bodies, health system publications and peer-reviewed journals. One further practical note: the CCL white paper the brief links to has moved since the assignment was written. That URL now redirects to a generic research index rather than to the paper, so search the organisation's site by title instead and cite what you actually find. Flagging that in a footnote costs one line and shows the marker you checked the source rather than copied the citation from the assignment sheet.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Distinguish the white paper genre from an academic survey essay.
- 02Use a leadership model as an analytical lens rather than as subject matter.
- 03State a problem, a recommendation and the strongest objection to it inside a tight word count.
- 04Cite in support of claims rather than describing each source in turn.
- 05Locate a moved or renamed organisational publication and cite its current version.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A white paper of 1,000-1,500 words in the appropriate format for a white paper.
- 02APA 6th edition citations and references.
- 03A position or solution advocated, rather than a balanced survey.
- 04At least five additional scholarly or professional sources beyond the two supplied.
- 05All factual claims supported by references, with no wikis or answer sites used.
Problem, recommendation, argument, objection — in 1,500 words
Lead and problem statement
Open with the problem in the organisation's terms and say what it costs; this is the executive summary a white paper opens with.
The recommendation, up front
State the position you are advocating in one or two sentences, early, rather than building to it.
The model as lens
Use the six-part collaborative leadership framework to explain why the problem persists and why your solution addresses its cause.
Evidence in support
Bring the five additional sources in as support for specific claims, not as a survey of the literature.
The counter-case
State the strongest objection — usually cost, time to benefit, or clinical resistance — and answer it.
Implementation and close
What the reader should do next, at the level of detail an executive could act on.
Where collaborative leadership evidence and the CCL model now sit
Recommended databases
- Center for Creative Leadership
- PubMed
- Purdue OWL (for the genre)
- AHRQ
Search sequence
- 1.Read a description of the white paper genre before drafting, since the format is being marked.
- 2.Search the CCL site by publication title rather than following the brief's URL, which has moved.
- 3.Choose your problem before choosing your remaining sources, so the five are recruited to an argument.
- 4.Find one source that argues against your position, to write the counter-case honestly.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Purpose and Audience — White Papers
Purdue OWL, Purdue University · 2024
The genre definition the brief links to; use it to check your draft advocates rather than surveys.
- 02
Report: Leadership in Healthcare Organizations
Center for Creative Leadership · 2024
CCL's healthcare leadership report, reached from the white paper's old article path. The brief's own PDF link now redirects to a generic research index, so this is where to start; the original 2011 six-part paper is still hosted under /wp-content/uploads/2015/04/.
- 03
TeamSTEPPS 3.0
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality · 2024
Implementable team-based tools, useful for the implementation section where a white paper has to say what the reader should actually do.
- 04
IPEC Core Competencies
Interprofessional Education Collaborative · 2023
A professional-body statement of collaborative practice competencies, useful as support for the claim that shared leadership is an expected standard rather than an innovation.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Writing a balanced literature review, which is the genre the brief specifically is not asking for.
- Describing the six parts of the CCL model as the content of the paper instead of using it as a lens.
- Introducing each of the seven sources in turn, which consumes the word count before the argument starts.
- Omitting the counter-case, without which an advocacy document reads as a brochure.
- Following the brief's CCL link and abandoning the source when it fails, rather than searching by title.
- Using APA 7th when the brief specifies 6th, or ignoring the format requirement entirely.
Submission checklist
- The paper advocates a single identifiable position or solution.
- A problem statement appears before any discussion of theory.
- The strongest objection is stated and answered.
- The CCL model is used to analyse the problem, not summarised for its own sake.
- Five or more sources beyond the two supplied, none of them wikis or answer sites.
- Citations follow APA 6th edition as specified.
- Word count falls between 1,000 and 1,500.
- Layout follows white paper conventions — headings, an executive summary or lead, scannable structure.
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.