Writing a Counseling Case Note in STIPS Format
Five sections, and each one has a distinct job. The Interventions section is where most notes go vague, and it is the one that makes documentation defensible.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 16, 2026
Five letters, five sections, and confidentiality throughout
Write the note rather than describing the format — that distinction decides most of the grade here. STIPS gives you five sections and each does different work. Signs and symptoms records observable and reported clinical data: mood, affect, sleep, appetite, concentration, and any measure you administered. Topics of discussion records what the session was actually about. Interventions records what you did, using the names of the techniques rather than a narrative of the conversation — cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation about the anxiety cycle, behavioural activation scheduling, a thought record assigned as homework. Progress and plan records movement against goals and what comes next. Special issues covers risk, safety, mandated reporting, cultural factors and anything else a reader would need to know. The Interventions section is where notes go vague, and it is the one that makes the record defensible if it is ever read by anyone else.
Two things separate a strong note. First, the sections should not repeat each other. If the client's low mood appears in Signs and Symptoms it does not need restating under Topics; that duplication is the usual sign of a writer filling headings rather than thinking in them. Second, confidentiality is not just a rule to observe but part of what is being assessed — alter the name, remove dates, employers, locations, family details and anything else that could identify, and say in the post that you have done so. For a client with anxiety and moderate depression, note that comorbidity explicitly: it changes which intervention comes first, because behavioural activation and exposure pull in different directions and sequencing them is a clinical decision worth documenting. Support your choices with the assigned article and the wider literature, since the prompt asks for that and a note without a rationale is a log rather than a case conceptualisation.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Apply the STIPS structure with each section doing distinct work.
- 02Name interventions by technique rather than narrating the session.
- 03De-identify clinical material appropriately.
- 04Justify intervention sequencing where conditions are comorbid.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A case note in all five STIPS sections.
- 02Observable and reported data in signs and symptoms.
- 03Named interventions rather than narrative description.
- 04Progress measured against stated goals, and a plan.
- 05Special issues including risk and cultural factors.
- 06Full de-identification, stated in the post.
Signs, topics, interventions, progress, special issues
Signs and symptoms
Record observable and reported clinical data.
Topics of discussion
Record the session's content without restating the symptoms.
Interventions
Name what you did, by technique.
Progress and plan
State movement against goals and the next steps.
Special issues
Cover risk, safety, culture and anything a later reader would need.
Sequencing under comorbidity
Justify which condition your interventions address first.
The Prieto and Scheel article, and what documentation is for
Recommended databases
- The assigned Prieto and Scheel article
- American Counseling Association
- PubMed Central
- NCBI Bookshelf
Search sequence
- 1.Read the assigned article for the section definitions before drafting.
- 2.Check the ethics code on record-keeping and confidentiality.
- 3.Look up evidence for the interventions you name so the rationale is real.
- 4.Search for guidance on sequencing treatment for comorbid anxiety and depression.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Counseling Ethics
American Counseling Association · 2024
The ethical requirements governing records and confidentiality.
- 02
Ethics
National Board for Certified Counselors · 2025
Certification-body ethics, including documentation standards.
- 03
Major Depressive Disorder
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023
Clinical background for depression, for the signs and symptoms section.
- 04
Anxiety Disorders
National Institute of Mental Health · 2024
Anxiety background and treatment options for the interventions section.
- 05
SOAP Notes
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023
Structured clinical documentation, for comparison with STIPS.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Describing the STIPS format instead of writing a note in it.
- Repeating the same content across several sections.
- Writing interventions as a narrative of what was said.
- Leaving identifying details in the note.
Submission checklist
- Does each section contain something the others do not?
- Are interventions named as techniques?
- Is progress stated against a goal rather than as an impression?
- Have you confirmed the note is de-identified?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.