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Assignment questions
PhilosophyWorksheetCritical thinking

Decision-making table irrational patterns

Complete a four-column table giving two personal examples where you acted according to patterns of irrational or unethical decision-making, naming the patterns, identifying egocentrism, sociocentrism or pathological tendencies of mind involved, and showing how the keys to sound decision-making would have applied.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 13, 2026

01

Examples you would rather not use

The exercise runs on candour, and the quality of the table is decided by the two examples you pick. A safe example, chosen because it is easy to explain, produces four columns of nothing: you cannot identify egocentric thinking in a decision you already consider defensible. The examples that work are the ones you would rather not write down, where you can now see that you decided first and reasoned afterwards. Nobody is asking for a confession of anything serious; ordinary decisions are plenty, such as assuming a colleague's motive without checking, going along with a group you privately disagreed with, or choosing the option that protected your own convenience while telling yourself it served someone else. Write each example concretely enough that the pattern named in column two is actually visible inside the situation you have described, rather than asserted about it in the abstract where a reader has to take your word for it.

Columns two and three ask for different things and are easy to blur. Column two wants the pattern of irrational or unethical decision-making, named from the course material. Column three wants the underlying tendency of mind: egocentrism, which treats your own perspective as the standard, sociocentrism, which substitutes the group's view for judgement, and the pathological tendencies such as self-justification, self-deception and the wish to preserve a comfortable self-image. One is the shape of the decision and the other is the disposition that produced it. Column four then asks how the keys to sound decision-making would have changed the outcome, and this is where the exercise earns its place, so be specific about what a different approach would have required you to do differently at the moment of the decision rather than describing what you have concluded since. Use the course's own vocabulary throughout, because it is what the rubric is written in.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Recognise patterns of irrational or unethical decision-making in one's own choices.
  • 02
    Distinguish a decision pattern from the tendency of mind that produced it.
  • 03
    Identify egocentric and sociocentric thinking in concrete situations.
  • 04
    Apply a structured decision-making method retrospectively to a real choice.
  • 05
    Write self-assessment that is candid enough to be analytically useful.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

For this assignment, you will apply analytical reasoning and identify strategies for self-assessment to reconsider your decision-making patterns. You will need to complete a table with four columns to complete this task. In the first column, you will provide two personal examples where you acted in accordance with one or more of the patterns of irrational or unethical decision-making. In the second column, you will identify which pattern(s) of irrational or unethical decision-making applies to your situations. In the third column, you will identify any characteristics of egocentrism or sociocentrism, as well as any pathological tendencies of mind, involved in your thought process. Finally, in the fourth column, share how you could have applied the keys to sound decision-making to approach the situation more rationally.
02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    A four-column table.
  2. 02
    Two personal examples of acting in accordance with patterns of irrational or unethical decision-making.
  3. 03
    The pattern or patterns that apply to each situation.
  4. 04
    Any characteristics of egocentrism or sociocentrism and pathological tendencies of mind involved.
  5. 05
    How the keys to sound decision-making could have been applied to approach each situation more rationally.
03

Four columns, in order

01

Choosing the two situations

Selecting decisions candid enough that a pattern is actually visible in them.

02

Column one: the examples

Each situation described concretely, with what you decided and when.

03

Column two: the patterns

The named patterns of irrational or unethical decision-making that apply.

04

Column three: tendencies of mind

Egocentrism, sociocentrism or pathological tendencies, evidenced from the situation.

05

Column four: the keys applied

What sound decision-making would have required at the moment of the decision.

04

Use the course's own vocabulary

Recommended databases

  • Course readings on critical thinking
  • The Foundation for Critical Thinking
  • PsycINFO
  • Philosophy reference works
  • Course rubric

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Re-read the course material listing the patterns of irrational and unethical decision-making.
  2. 2.
    Read the definitions of egocentrism and sociocentrism carefully before assigning either.
  3. 3.
    Look up the pathological tendencies of mind and note which are dispositions rather than behaviours.
  4. 4.
    Review the keys to sound decision-making as a sequence of steps.
  5. 5.
    Check the rubric for how each column is weighted.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Code of Ethics: English

    National Association of Social Workers · 2021

    A professional standard against which an unethical decision pattern can be judged, if your example is work-related.

  2. 02

    Code of Ethics | American College of Healthcare Executives

    American College of Healthcare Executives · 2023

    An example of how conflicts of interest and self-justification are addressed in a formal code.

  3. 03

    Psychiatry.org - DSM-5-TR Online Assessment Measures

    American Psychiatric Association · 2024

    A caution that pathological tendencies of mind in critical thinking are not clinical diagnoses.

  4. 04

    Study Bias

    StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023

    A structured vocabulary for systematic error, useful for naming what went wrong in each example.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Choosing safe examples in which no irrational pattern is actually visible.
  • Describing the pattern in column two and repeating it in column three.
  • Naming egocentrism without saying what it looked like in the situation.
  • Writing column four as what you have learned rather than what you would have done.
  • Using everyday synonyms instead of the course's named patterns.
  • Giving one example when the assignment asks for two.

Submission checklist

  • The table has four columns and both examples run across all of them.
  • The examples are specific situations, not general habits.
  • Column two names patterns from the course material.
  • Column three identifies a tendency of mind distinct from the pattern.
  • Column four states a different action at the moment of decision.
  • The course's own terminology is used throughout.

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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