Design Thinking Script: Capstone Part One
This is a script for something you will say aloud, and it is the seed of a capstone. The sentence stems are the structure and the end user is the test.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 16, 2026
A script is spoken, and the capstone starts here
Two things about this assignment are easy to miss and both change what you write. First, it is a script — words you will speak over a presentation in Week Six — so it should sound like speech. Short sentences, one idea each, no subordinate clauses that lose their thread when read aloud, and language a listener can follow without rereading. Prose written for the eye reads badly in a voice-over and the difference is audible immediately. Second, this is Part One of your capstone, so the topic you choose here is one you will live with for the rest of the course. Choose an area you can access, where you have some standing to observe, and where an improvement is genuinely possible — not the largest problem in your organisation, which is usually the one you have least ability to affect. Pick something you could still be talking about in Week Six without embarrassment.
The supplied stems give you the structure and they map onto the early stages of design thinking. 'During this course, I came across x' is the empathise stage: what you learned about a user's actual experience rather than about a system's design. 'I see opportunity for improvement at my organization in x' is the define stage, and it should name a problem rather than a solution, because a problem stated as a missing solution has already foreclosed the ideation. Narrowing to one to three areas is the assignment's own instruction and it is doing real work, since a capstone with four focus areas becomes a survey. Then the end user question, which is where consumer-centrism enters: name the actual person who experiences the problem — a patient waiting, a nurse re-entering data, a family calling for information — and say what changes for them specifically. An improvement whose beneficiary is 'the organisation' has not been through a design thinking lens at all.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Write for the ear rather than the eye.
- 02Distinguish the empathise and define stages of design thinking.
- 03State a problem without embedding a solution in it.
- 04Identify a specific end user and what changes for them.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A script written to be spoken.
- 02What you came across during the course.
- 03The opportunity for improvement, stated as a problem.
- 04One to three capstone focus areas.
- 05A named end user and the change for them.
- 06Consumer-centrism applied rather than mentioned.
The stems, the opportunity, then the end user
What I came across
Open with the observation from the course that started this.
The opportunity
State the problem you see at your organisation.
Why this one
Say why this problem rather than a larger one.
One to three focus areas
Narrow the capstone scope.
The end user
Name the person and describe their experience of the problem.
What changes for them
Say what would be different if this worked.
Design thinking from the source the assignment names
Recommended databases
- The assigned HBR Explainer video
- The Capstone rubric
- PubMed Central
- Design thinking primary sources
Search sequence
- 1.Watch the assigned video before drafting; the stages have specific names.
- 2.Read the Capstone rubric, since this script has to lead somewhere it rewards.
- 3.Talk to one end user before writing about their experience.
- 4.Read the script aloud and cut anything you stumble over.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
2.1 Overview of Managerial Decision-Making
OpenStax, Principles of Management · 2019
Problem definition and framing, which is what the define stage does.
- 02
2.5 Improving the Quality of Decision-Making
OpenStax, Principles of Management · 2019
Techniques for improving how a problem is approached before solutions are generated.
- 03
What is Project Management?
Project Management Institute · 2024
How a defined problem becomes a scoped project.
- 04
Continuous Quality Improvement
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023
The improvement cycle a capstone project would run inside.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Writing prose rather than speech, which is audible in a voice-over.
- Choosing a problem too large or too remote to work on for a whole capstone.
- Stating the problem as a missing solution, which forecloses ideation.
- Naming the organisation rather than a person as the end user.
Submission checklist
- Does it sound right read aloud?
- Is the problem stated without a solution embedded in it?
- Are there no more than three focus areas?
- Is the end user a person rather than an institution?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.