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NursingDiscussion postEpidemiological methods

DNP 825 Topic 2 DQ 1: descriptive epidemiology

Descriptive means characterising by person, place and time without testing an association — and the discipline of staying inside that boundary is most of what this post is graded on.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 15, 2026

01

Descriptive means person, place and time — no comparison

Descriptive epidemiology answers who, where and when. It characterises the distribution of a condition by person — age, sex, occupation, comorbidity — by place, and by time, and it generates hypotheses rather than testing them. That last clause is the boundary the prompt is checking, because the natural next sentence in any such analysis is a causal one, and the moment you compare an exposed group against an unexposed one you have moved into analytic epidemiology. Stay inside the boundary and say what it permits: counts, rates, proportions, distributions and trends, expressed as prevalence and incidence rather than as raw numbers, because a raw count is uninterpretable without its denominator and reporting one is the other easy way to lose marks here. That boundary is the thing being checked here, because the natural next sentence in any such analysis is a causal one and it takes deliberate restraint not to write it.

The example should show descriptive work improving care, not merely describing a population. Good ones are ordinary. Plotting falls on your unit by time of day and day of week frequently shows a concentration around shift handover, which points at staffing rather than at patients. Mapping missed appointments by postcode can reveal a transport problem invisible in an aggregate rate. Characterising which patients account for repeat admissions by age and comorbidity count identifies a group for targeted follow-up. In each case the finding is a hypothesis and the improvement follows from acting on it, so say what you would do next and be explicit that the descriptive work identified rather than proved. The rationale the prompt asks for is really about feasibility: descriptive methods use data you already have, need no control group and no consent for service evaluation, and can be done in a week — which is precisely why they are the right first step.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Define descriptive epidemiology by person, place and time.
  • 02
    Respect the boundary between describing and testing an association.
  • 03
    Use rates rather than counts.
  • 04
    Show descriptive findings leading to a care improvement.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

How could you use descriptive epidemiological methods in your practice? Provide an example where you could use descriptive epidemiology to improve care. Explain your rationale.
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation Hi Class, Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts. Contact me if you have any questions. Important information on Writing a Discussion Question Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references) There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article. Include in-text citations in your response Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information Follow APA-7th edition Points will be deducted if the above is not followed DNP 825 Topic 2 DQ 1 How could you use descriptive epidemiological methods in your practice Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week. Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references) Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count. Follow APA 7th edition Points will be deducted if the above is not followed Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points. Here are some helpful links Student paper example Citing Sources The Writing Center is a great resource Welcome to class Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to. I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you. Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted. If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations. Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements. Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week. I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course! Name: Discussion Rubric Grid View List View Excellent 90–100 Good 80–89 Fair 70–79 Poor 0–69 Main Posting: Response to the Discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Thoroughly responds to the Discussion question(s). Is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. No less than 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three current credible sources. 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to most of the Discussion question(s). Is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. 50% of the post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible references. 31 (31%) – 34 (34%) Responds to some of the Discussion question(s). One to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Cited with fewer than two credible references. 0 (0%) – 30 (30%) Does not respond to the Discussion question(s). Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible references. Main Posting: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Written clearly and concisely. Contains no grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Written concisely. May contain one to two grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Written somewhat concisely. May contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style. Main Posting: Timely and full participation 9 (9%) – 10 (10%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts main Discussion by due date. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts main Discussion by due date. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Posts main Discussion by due date. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post main Discussion by due date. First Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources. 9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. First Response: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. First Response: Timely and full participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date. Second Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources. 9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Second Response: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Second Response: Timely and full participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date. Total Points: 100 Name: Discussion Rubric

02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    An account of descriptive methods and what they permit.
  2. 02
    An example from your own practice setting.
  3. 03
    The measures you would use, with denominators.
  4. 04
    A rationale addressing feasibility.
03

The methods, an example, then the rationale

01

What descriptive epidemiology does

Define it by person, place and time and by hypothesis generation.

02

The measures

Explain prevalence, incidence and distribution, and why denominators matter.

03

The example

Apply the methods to a problem in your own setting.

04

From description to improvement

Say what the finding suggests and what you would do next.

04

Where descriptive work is done properly

Recommended databases

  • StatPearls
  • CDC surveillance resources
  • PubMed Central
  • Your own unit's incident data

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Read a definition of descriptive epidemiology before writing, to fix the boundary.
  2. 2.
    Identify which of your own data sources already carry person, place and time.
  3. 3.
    Check whether your setting has a denominator available for the rate you want.
  4. 4.
    Find one published descriptive study that led to a service change.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Epidemiology Of Study Design

    StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023

    Study designs set out systematically, which is where the descriptive-analytic boundary is drawn.

  2. 02

    Epidemiology Morbidity And Mortality

    StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023

    Morbidity and mortality measures, the vocabulary for expressing findings as rates rather than counts.

  3. 03

    Epidemiology of Prevention of Communicable Diseases

    StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023

    Descriptive surveillance applied to communicable disease, a worked example of the method's proper scope.

  4. 04

    Leading Health Indicators - Healthy People 2030

    Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services · 2024

    Population indicators with defined denominators, useful as a model for how a rate should be constructed.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Drifting into analytic designs the prompt excluded.
  • Reporting counts without denominators.
  • Claiming causation from a descriptive pattern.
  • Describing a population without connecting it to any improvement.
  • Giving a rationale about importance rather than feasibility.

Submission checklist

  • Does the post stay inside descriptive methods?
  • Are person, place and time all addressed?
  • Are your measures rates rather than counts?
  • Does the example lead to a care improvement?
  • Is the rationale about why descriptive work is the right first step?

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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