DNP 835 Topic 8: reflective journal
The brief says a variable combination, which is permission to choose. Taking it as a checklist produces eight shallow paragraphs where three deep ones were wanted.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 15, 2026
A variable combination — so choose, do not cover
The list is long — new practice approaches, intraprofessional collaboration, health care delivery and clinical systems, ethical considerations, population health concepts — and the instruction says a variable combination of them. That phrase is doing real work: you are not required to cover everything, and covering everything is how these journals go wrong. Eight paragraphs each asserting that you grew in an area produces a document with no specific claim anywhere in it. Choose three where something actually happened this course and write properly about those. A reflective journal is assessed on the quality of the reflection, not on coverage of the syllabus. Word count is the practical constraint that forces the choice, and the arithmetic is worth doing before writing: an entry that has to cover eight areas in fifteen hundred words allows fewer than two hundred each, which is not enough for any of them to contain an argument.
The mechanism that separates reflection from reporting is a change of mind. A reflective entry has a before and an after: here is what I assumed about how our discharge process worked, here is what the data or the encounter showed, here is what I now think and what I will do differently. Without that movement it is a summary of the course with the pronoun changed. Use a specific incident as the anchor rather than a general impression, since generality is where reflective writing goes to die. Ground it too: reflection in a doctoral programme is expected to connect experience to literature, so a citation supporting the concept you are reflecting on is usually expected even where the rubric does not shout about it. And keep it de-identified — colleagues and patients in a reflective entry are still identifiable people, and the journal is submitted.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Select from a list rather than covering it exhaustively.
- 02Structure reflection around a change in understanding.
- 03Anchor reflection in specific incidents rather than impressions.
- 04Connect personal experience to literature at doctoral level.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question
Name: Assignment Rubric Grid View List View Excellent Good Fair Poor Summarize your interpretation of the frequency data provided in the output for respondent’s age, highest school grade completed, and family income from prior month. 32 (32%) – 35 (35%) The response accurately and clearly explains, in detail, a summary of the frequency distributions for the variables presented. The response accurately and clearly explains, in detail, the number of times the value occurs in the data. The response accurately and clearly explains, in detail, the appearance of the data, the range of data values, and an explanation of extreme values in describing intervals that sufficiently provides an analysis that fully supports the categorization of each variable value. The response includes relevant, specific, and appropriate examples that fully support the explanations provided for each of the areas described. 28 (28%) – 31 (31%) The response accurately summarizes the frequency distributions for the variables presented. The response accurately explains the number of times the value occurs in the data. The response accurately explains the appearance of the data, the range of data values, and explains extreme values in describing intervals that provides an analysis which supports the categorization of each variable value. The response includes relevant, specific, and accurate examples that support the explanations provided for each of the areas described. 25 (25%) – 27 (27%) The response inaccurately or vaguely summarizes the frequency distributions for the variables presented. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the number of times the value occurs in the data. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the appearance of the data, the range of data values, and inaccurately or vaguely explains extreme values. An analysis that may support the categorization of each variable value is inaccurate or vague. The response includes inaccurate and irrelevant examples that may support the explanations provided for each of the areas described. 0 (0%) – 24 (24%) The response inaccurately and vaguely summarizes the frequency distributions for the variables presented, or it is missing. The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the number of times the value occurs in the data, or it is missing. The response inaccurately and vaguely explains the appearance of the data, the range of data values, and an explanation of extreme values, or it is missing. An analysis that does not support the categorization of each variable values is provided, or it is missing. The response includes inaccurate and vague examples that do not support the explanations provided for each of the areas described, or it is missing. Summarize your interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided in the output for respondent’s age, highest school grade completed, race and ethnicity, currently employed, and family income from prior month. 45 (45%) – 50 (50%) The response accurately and clearly summarizes in detail the interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided. The response accurately and clearly evaluates in detail each of the variables presented, including an accurate and complete description of the sample size, the mean, the median, standard deviation, and the size and spread of the data. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) The response accurately summarizes the interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided. The response accurately explains evaluates each of the variables presented, including an accurate description of the sample size, the mean, the median, standard deviation, and the size and spread of the data. 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) The response inaccurately or vaguely summarizes the interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided. The response inaccurately or vaguely evaluates each of the variables presented, including an inaccurate or vague description of the sample size, the mean, the median, the standard deviation, and the size and spread of the data. 0 (0%) – 34 (34%) The response inaccurately and vaguely summarizes the interpretation of the descriptive statistics provided, or it is missing. The response inaccurately and vaguely evaluates each of the variables presented, including an inaccurate and vague description of the sample size, the mean, the median, the standard deviation, and the size and spread of the data, or it is missing. Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is stated, yet is brief and not descriptive. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment is vague or off topic. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion was provided. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. Total Points: 100 Name: Assignment Rubric Rubric Criteria Total20 points Criterion 1. Unsatisfactory 2. Less Than Satisfactory 3. Satisfactory 4. Good 5. Excellent Thesis Development and Purpose Thesis Development and Purpose 0 points Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. 0.8 points Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. 0.88 points Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. 0.92 points Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose. 1 points Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. Personal Knowledge and Skills Personal Knowledge and Skills 0 points A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is not included. 3.2 points A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is incomplete or otherwise deficient. 3.52 points A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is provided, but with minimal detail or support. 3.68 points A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is provided with appropriate details and support. 4 points A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is provided with appropriate details and support. A reflection on the personal knowledge and skills gained in the course, including examples of accomplishments or challenges, that addresses at least three health care related topics is thoroughly explored and clearly explained with relevant details and support. Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) BlankMechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 0 points Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. 0.8 points Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) or word choice are present. Sentence structure is correct but not varied. 0.88 points Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct and varied sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are employed 0.92 points Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of effective sentence structures and figures of speech. 1 points Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Documentation of Sources Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 0 points Sources are not documented. 0.8 points Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. 0.88 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. 0.92 points Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. 1 points Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Course Outcomes and Competencies Aligned to the Course Course Outcomes and Competencies Aligned to the Course 0 points A description of how the learner achieved course outcomes and met the competencies aligned to the course is not included. 3.2 points A description of how the learner achieved course outcomes and met the competencies aligned to the course is incomplete or otherwise deficient. 3.52 points An introductory description of how the learner achieved course outcomes and met the competencies aligned to the course is provided with minimal detail or support. 3.68 points A complete description of how the learner achieved course outcomes and met the competencies aligned to the course is provided with appropriate details and support. 4 points A cogent, scholarly description of how the learner achieved course outcomes and met the competencies aligned to the course is thoroughly explored and clearly explained with relevant details and support. Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) Paper Format (Use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 0 points Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly. 0.8 points Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. 0.88 points Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. 0.92 points Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. 1 points All format elements are correct. Professional Practice and Approach Professional Practice and Approach 0 points A discussion of discoveries by the learner about professional practice and approach is not included. 3.2 points A discussion of discoveries by the learner about professional practice and approach is incomplete or limited. 3.52 points An introductory discussion of discoveries by the learner about professional practice is included, but only minimal detail or support is provided for approach. 3.68 points A detailed discussion of discoveries by the learner about professional practice and approach is complete, with appropriate details and support. 4 points A cogent, scholarly discussion of discoveries by the learner about professional practice and approach is clearly explained, with relevant details and support. Additional Resources for Influencing Optimal Learning Outcomes Additional Resources for Influencing Optimal Learning Outcomes 0 points A discussion of additional resources for influencing optimal learning outcomes is not included. 3.2 points A discussion of additional resources for influencing optimal learning outcomes is incomplete or otherwise deficient. 3.52 points An introductory discussion of additional resources for influencing optimal learning outcomes is provided, but with minimal detail or support. 3.68 points A complete discussion of additional resources for influencing optimal learning outcomes is provided with appropriate details and support. 4 points A clear discussion of additional resources for influencing optimal learning outcomes is provided, with relevant details and support.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01Three or so areas chosen from the list and developed properly.
- 02A specific incident anchoring each.
- 03An explicit before-and-after in your thinking.
- 04Citations connecting the reflection to the literature.
- 05De-identified accounts of colleagues and patients.
Pick three, go deep, then say what changed
What this course changed
Open with the areas where something genuinely shifted.
First area, with its incident
Reflect on one area anchored to a specific event.
Second and third areas
Develop two further areas to the same depth.
What you will do differently
State the practice consequences of the reflection.
Grounding reflection in something citable
Recommended databases
- CINAHL
- PubMed Central
- Your practice portfolio
- Your course objectives
Search sequence
- 1.List the incidents from this course before deciding which areas to write about.
- 2.Find a citation for each concept you are reflecting on.
- 3.Check your organisation's rules on writing about colleagues.
- 4.Read a reflective model to structure the before-and-after explicitly.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Portfolios with Evidence of Reflective Practice Required by Regulatory Bodies: An Integrative Review
Nursing Reports · 2023
On what reflective portfolios are expected to evidence, which is the standard the journal is marked against.
- 02
Reflections on clinical practice whilst developing a portfolio of evidence: Perceptions of undergraduate nursing students in the Western Cape, South Africa
Curationis · 2018
On reflection written alongside practice, and why anchored entries hold up where general ones do not.
- 03
Reflective Practices to Study Group Dynamics: Implement Empowerment and Understand the Functioning of Groups
Frontiers in Psychology · 2021
On using reflective practice to examine group dynamics, which is a worked example of reflection grounded in evidence.
- 04
IPEC Core Competencies for Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
Interprofessional Education Collaborative · 2023
The competency framework behind the intraprofessional collaboration item on the list.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Covering every listed area in a shallow paragraph each.
- Summarising course content in the first person.
- Reflecting on impressions rather than on specific events.
- Naming or making colleagues identifiable.
Submission checklist
- Did you choose rather than cover?
- Is there a change of view in each section?
- Is each anchored to something that actually happened?
- Are the accounts de-identified?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

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