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Assignment questions
Healthcare administrationDiscussion postHealth economics

Health care cost drivers and regulatory failure

The second question has a premise built into it: that regulations have been largely unsuccessful. You can accept it, qualify it or push back, but a post that treats it as settled fact has skipped the thinking.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 15, 2026

01

Two questions, two references, 150 words each

Take the mechanics first because they are easy to lose: each question answered separately, at least 150 words each, with a reference for each. Two references, not one shared between them. For the first question, choose cost drivers you can evidence rather than the ones everyone names. Administrative complexity is well documented and distinctive — the multi-payer billing apparatus consumes a share of spending that single-payer systems do not have. Prices rather than utilisation is the other strong choice: comparative data shows many procedures and drugs cost several times more for the same volume of care. Chronic disease prevalence, technology adoption without disinvestment, and fee-for-service incentives that reward volume are all defensible too. Then the control half: value-based payment, price transparency, prevention, reference pricing and administrative simplification, each with an honest note on what it trades away. Note too that the question pairs cost control with maintaining quality, so a mechanism that saves money by reducing care has not answered it.

The second question contains a claim you should examine rather than repeat. Health care regulations have been largely unsuccessful — largely, by whose measure, and against what goal? Some have plainly worked: coverage expansions moved insurance rates, and clinical safety regulation has measurable effects. Cost regulation specifically has a poorer record, and that is the defensible version of the claim. Explain why, with a mechanism rather than a complaint: regulation is fragmented across federal and state jurisdictions so rules do not compose; the regulated industry has more information than the regulator and shapes both the rule and its measurement; and constraining one part of a system displaces activity into another, which is why capping payment in one setting can move volume rather than reduce it. The prompt asks for an example, so choose one you can trace — a payment reform that shifted coding rather than cost is the cleanest, because it shows the mechanism working.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Identify cost drivers that can be supported with comparative evidence.
  • 02
    Propose cost-control mechanisms with their trade-offs stated.
  • 03
    Interrogate a premise embedded in a question rather than accepting it.
  • 04
    Explain regulatory underperformance through a mechanism, using a traceable example.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Answer each question separately with a min of 150 words each and a reference for each 1. Present two reasons for increased health care costs. How might such costs be controlled while still providing quality health care? 2. Why have health care regulations been largely unsuccessful? Support your answer with an example.
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes. Discussion: Reasons for increased health care costs. Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor. The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument. ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS Discussion Questions (DQ) Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses. Weekly Participation Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week. APA Format and Writing Quality Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition. Use of Direct Quotes I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. LopesWrite Policy For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Late Policy The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading. Communication Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Discussion: Reasons for increased health care costs.

02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    Two separately answered questions, 150 words minimum each.
  2. 02
    Two cost drivers with evidence.
  3. 03
    Cost-control approaches with trade-offs.
  4. 04
    A qualified position on regulatory success, with a mechanism.
  5. 05
    A specific example, and one reference per question.
03

Cost drivers and control, then regulatory failure

01

Two cost drivers

Name and evidence two drivers, preferring administrative complexity and prices.

02

Controlling cost without losing quality

Propose mechanisms and state what each trades away.

03

Examine the premise

Ask by whose measure regulation has been unsuccessful and where it has worked.

04

Why cost regulation underperforms

Give fragmentation, information asymmetry and displacement as mechanisms.

05

The example

Trace one regulation to the behaviour it produced.

04

Sources for cost data and a regulatory example

Recommended databases

  • KFF health policy resources
  • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
  • PubMed Central
  • Congressional and government accountability reports

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Find comparative cost data across countries, which is what makes the prices argument evidential.
  2. 2.
    Look up administrative cost estimates specifically, since that driver is distinctive and citable.
  3. 3.
    Search for evaluations of a payment reform, which supplies both the mechanism and the example.
  4. 4.
    Check whether the regulation you cite achieved its stated goal, since that is the standard the second question implies.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Health Policy 101 Introduction

    KFF · 2024

    Cost, coverage and spending analysis with the comparative data the first answer needs.

  2. 02

    Value-Based Programs

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025

    A live cost-control mechanism with published design, useful for both the control and regulation halves.

  3. 03

    Internet-Only Manuals (IOMs)

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025

    Shows the regulatory apparatus itself, which makes the fragmentation and complexity argument concrete.

  4. 04

    Patient Safety and Quality Improvement

    Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality · 2024

    Evidence that some regulation demonstrably worked, which is what qualifies the second question's premise.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Sharing a single reference across both questions when one each is required.
  • Accepting the second question's premise without qualification.
  • Naming cost drivers with no comparative evidence behind them.
  • Proposing controls with no account of what they cost.
  • Giving an example that illustrates a complaint rather than a mechanism.

Submission checklist

  • Are both answers at least 150 words and separate?
  • Does each question carry its own reference?
  • Have you said whose measure of success the second question implies?
  • Is your regulatory example traceable to a mechanism?
  • Do your cost controls acknowledge a trade-off?

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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