Health care delivery models and nursing practice guide
A 1,000-1,250 word paper examining changes introduced to reform or restructure the US health care delivery system: outline one current or emerging law or federal regulation and its effect on nursing practice, discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes and the nursing role, cover emerging leadership and management roles, and predict two ways nursing will transform in the next five years. Three sources within five years.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 12, 2026
How does a federal regulation reach a nurse's shift?
Four questions and roughly 1,100 words means about 275 words each, and the paper only works if each question is answered as a distinct thing rather than as four angles on "health care is changing". The structure the brief supplies is actually a chain, and seeing it saves you most of the work. A law changes what gets paid for. Payment changes what gets measured. Measurement creates roles whose job is managing the measures. And those roles are the leading edge of what the profession is turning into. Writing it as a chain rather than as four separate essays is what makes the last section — the prediction — defensible rather than speculative, because your two predictions can then follow from the mechanism you have already described instead of arriving from nowhere. Decide the chain before you write a word, and the transitions between sections stop being a problem.
The first question is more constrained than it looks. It asks for a current or emerging law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the delivery system, and then for its effect on nursing practice and the nurse's role and responsibility. Two things go wrong here, and both are avoidable at the planning stage. One is choosing something too big to trace: the Affordable Care Act as a whole cannot be connected to a nurse's daily work in 275 words, whereas a single provision within it can. The other is stopping at description. The requirement is the effect on practice, so the paragraph has to travel from a statutory or regulatory text to something a nurse now does, documents or is accountable for that they were not before. Pick the smallest instrument that reaches that far, and name it with its date so a reader can check it.
The second question pairs quality measures with pay for performance, and the pairing carries the argument. A quality measure on its own is information; attaching payment to it converts it into a behavioural incentive, and incentives have effects the designers did not intend as well as the ones they did. Documentation burden, the temptation to avoid complex patients who might worsen a score, and improvement in the measured thing at the expense of the unmeasured thing beside it are all well documented and all land directly on nursing work. A paper that reports only the intended effects has answered half the question and will read as promotional. The strongest submissions state an intended effect, a measured result, and one documented unintended consequence, and then say what that combination means for the expectations now placed on the nursing role. That three-part move is worth building the section around.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Trace a statutory or regulatory change through to a change in nursing accountability.
- 02Choose a policy instrument small enough to analyse in the space available.
- 03Distinguish the intended from the unintended effects of pay for performance.
- 04Explain emerging nursing leadership roles as products of measurement rather than of fashion.
- 05Ground a five-year prediction in a mechanism already described.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A paper of 1,000-1,250 words in APA format.
- 02One current or emerging health care law or federal regulation outlined, with its effect on nursing practice and the nurse's role and responsibility.
- 03A discussion of how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, nursing practice and nursing responsibilities.
- 04A discussion of professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen, and their importance for emerging trends, patient safety and quality care.
- 05Two predictions about how nursing practice and roles will grow or transform in the next five years.
- 06At least three sources, published within the last five years and relevant to nursing practice.
Four questions, about 275 words each, as one argument
Pick the instrument
Choose one law or regulation narrow enough to trace, and name it precisely with its date.
From regulation to practice
Describe the instrument briefly, then spend most of the section on what changed for nurses because of it.
Measures and money
Explain how quality measurement plus payment creates an incentive, and what it has done to outcomes.
What the incentive did not intend
One documented unintended consequence and its effect on nursing work.
The roles that followed
Emerging nursing leadership and management roles, explained as responses to the measurement environment.
Two predictions
Two specific transformations in the next five years, each following from a mechanism already described.
Where current federal health care regulation is documented
Recommended databases
- CMS
- AHRQ
- American Nurses Association
- PubMed
Search sequence
- 1.Start at the regulator rather than the literature: find the programme first, then the studies about it.
- 2.Check the programme's own documentation for which measures carry payment.
- 3.Search for evaluations of that programme, filtered to the last five years, and read their limitations sections for the unintended effects.
- 4.Find one professional-body statement about the nursing roles that programme has generated.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025
A single, traceable statutory programme that attaches payment to a measured outcome — the clearest available worked example of the whole chain this paper describes.
- 02
Promoting Interoperability Programs
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025
A second instrument, showing how documentation requirements created by regulation land on clinical staff — useful for the unintended-consequence section.
- 03
Re-Engineered Discharge (RED) Toolkit
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality · 2024
The operational response hospitals built to a payment incentive, and the nursing work it generated — the concrete end of the transmission chain.
- 04
Code of Ethics for Nurses
American Nurses Association · 2025
The professional frame for the tension between measured performance and patient advocacy, which is where the unintended-consequences discussion should land.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Choosing an instrument too large to trace to nursing practice in the space available.
- Describing the law and never reaching its effect on what a nurse does.
- Treating quality measures and pay for performance as two topics instead of one mechanism.
- Reporting only the intended effects of performance payment.
- Listing emerging leadership roles without connecting them to the measures that created them.
- Making predictions that do not follow from anything earlier in the paper.
- Using sources older than five years, which the brief rules out.
Submission checklist
- One named law or regulation, current or emerging, is outlined.
- The paper states something a nurse now does or is accountable for because of it.
- Quality measures and pay for performance are connected as a single incentive mechanism.
- At least one unintended consequence is discussed.
- Emerging leadership roles are linked to the measurement environment that produced them.
- Both predictions follow from a mechanism described earlier in the paper.
- Three or more sources, all within five years, all relevant to nursing practice.
- Word count between 1,000 and 1,250, APA format.
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.