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Assignment questions
NursingEssayHealth policy

Health care delivery models and nursing practice guide

A 1,000-1,250 word paper examining changes introduced to reform or restructure the US health care delivery system: outline one current or emerging law or federal regulation and its effect on nursing practice, discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes and the nursing role, cover emerging leadership and management roles, and predict two ways nursing will transform in the next five years. Three sources within five years.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 12, 2026

01

How does a federal regulation reach a nurse's shift?

Four questions and roughly 1,100 words means about 275 words each, and the paper only works if each question is answered as a distinct thing rather than as four angles on "health care is changing". The structure the brief supplies is actually a chain, and seeing it saves you most of the work. A law changes what gets paid for. Payment changes what gets measured. Measurement creates roles whose job is managing the measures. And those roles are the leading edge of what the profession is turning into. Writing it as a chain rather than as four separate essays is what makes the last section — the prediction — defensible rather than speculative, because your two predictions can then follow from the mechanism you have already described instead of arriving from nowhere. Decide the chain before you write a word, and the transitions between sections stop being a problem.

The first question is more constrained than it looks. It asks for a current or emerging law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the delivery system, and then for its effect on nursing practice and the nurse's role and responsibility. Two things go wrong here, and both are avoidable at the planning stage. One is choosing something too big to trace: the Affordable Care Act as a whole cannot be connected to a nurse's daily work in 275 words, whereas a single provision within it can. The other is stopping at description. The requirement is the effect on practice, so the paragraph has to travel from a statutory or regulatory text to something a nurse now does, documents or is accountable for that they were not before. Pick the smallest instrument that reaches that far, and name it with its date so a reader can check it.

The second question pairs quality measures with pay for performance, and the pairing carries the argument. A quality measure on its own is information; attaching payment to it converts it into a behavioural incentive, and incentives have effects the designers did not intend as well as the ones they did. Documentation burden, the temptation to avoid complex patients who might worsen a score, and improvement in the measured thing at the expense of the unmeasured thing beside it are all well documented and all land directly on nursing work. A paper that reports only the intended effects has answered half the question and will read as promotional. The strongest submissions state an intended effect, a measured result, and one documented unintended consequence, and then say what that combination means for the expectations now placed on the nursing role. That three-part move is worth building the section around.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Trace a statutory or regulatory change through to a change in nursing accountability.
  • 02
    Choose a policy instrument small enough to analyse in the space available.
  • 03
    Distinguish the intended from the unintended effects of pay for performance.
  • 04
    Explain emerging nursing leadership roles as products of measurement rather than of fashion.
  • 05
    Ground a five-year prediction in a mechanism already described.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Topic: Health Care Delivery Models and Nursing Practice Examine changes introduced to reform or restructure the U.S. health care delivery system. In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, discuss action taken for reform and restructuring and the role of the nurse within this changing environment. Include the following: Outline a current or emerging health care law or federal regulation introduced to reform or restructure some aspect of the health care delivery system. Describe the effect of this on nursing practice and the nurse’s role and responsibility. Discuss how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes. Explain how these affect nursing practice and describe the expectations and responsibilities of the nursing role in these situations. Discuss professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen and how they are important in responding to emerging trends and in the promotion of patient safety and quality care in diverse health care settings. Research emerging trends. Predict two ways in which the practice of nursing and nursing roles will grow or transform within the next five years to respond to upcoming trends or predicted issues in health care. You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.
02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    A paper of 1,000-1,250 words in APA format.
  2. 02
    One current or emerging health care law or federal regulation outlined, with its effect on nursing practice and the nurse's role and responsibility.
  3. 03
    A discussion of how quality measures and pay for performance affect patient outcomes, nursing practice and nursing responsibilities.
  4. 04
    A discussion of professional nursing leadership and management roles that have arisen, and their importance for emerging trends, patient safety and quality care.
  5. 05
    Two predictions about how nursing practice and roles will grow or transform in the next five years.
  6. 06
    At least three sources, published within the last five years and relevant to nursing practice.
03

Four questions, about 275 words each, as one argument

01

Pick the instrument

Choose one law or regulation narrow enough to trace, and name it precisely with its date.

02

From regulation to practice

Describe the instrument briefly, then spend most of the section on what changed for nurses because of it.

03

Measures and money

Explain how quality measurement plus payment creates an incentive, and what it has done to outcomes.

04

What the incentive did not intend

One documented unintended consequence and its effect on nursing work.

05

The roles that followed

Emerging nursing leadership and management roles, explained as responses to the measurement environment.

06

Two predictions

Two specific transformations in the next five years, each following from a mechanism already described.

04

Where current federal health care regulation is documented

Recommended databases

  • CMS
  • AHRQ
  • American Nurses Association
  • PubMed

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Start at the regulator rather than the literature: find the programme first, then the studies about it.
  2. 2.
    Check the programme's own documentation for which measures carry payment.
  3. 3.
    Search for evaluations of that programme, filtered to the last five years, and read their limitations sections for the unintended effects.
  4. 4.
    Find one professional-body statement about the nursing roles that programme has generated.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025

    A single, traceable statutory programme that attaches payment to a measured outcome — the clearest available worked example of the whole chain this paper describes.

  2. 02

    Promoting Interoperability Programs

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 2025

    A second instrument, showing how documentation requirements created by regulation land on clinical staff — useful for the unintended-consequence section.

  3. 03

    Re-Engineered Discharge (RED) Toolkit

    Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality · 2024

    The operational response hospitals built to a payment incentive, and the nursing work it generated — the concrete end of the transmission chain.

  4. 04

    Code of Ethics for Nurses

    American Nurses Association · 2025

    The professional frame for the tension between measured performance and patient advocacy, which is where the unintended-consequences discussion should land.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Choosing an instrument too large to trace to nursing practice in the space available.
  • Describing the law and never reaching its effect on what a nurse does.
  • Treating quality measures and pay for performance as two topics instead of one mechanism.
  • Reporting only the intended effects of performance payment.
  • Listing emerging leadership roles without connecting them to the measures that created them.
  • Making predictions that do not follow from anything earlier in the paper.
  • Using sources older than five years, which the brief rules out.

Submission checklist

  • One named law or regulation, current or emerging, is outlined.
  • The paper states something a nurse now does or is accountable for because of it.
  • Quality measures and pay for performance are connected as a single incentive mechanism.
  • At least one unintended consequence is discussed.
  • Emerging leadership roles are linked to the measurement environment that produced them.
  • Both predictions follow from a mechanism described earlier in the paper.
  • Three or more sources, all within five years, all relevant to nursing practice.
  • Word count between 1,000 and 1,250, APA format.

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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