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Healthcare administrationPlanRecruitment and selection

Interview and Selection Plan Assignment Guide Part 2

The sharpest instruction is buried in the preparation notes: say which competencies are best assessed by interview — and by implication, which are not.

Updated

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 9, 2026

01

What the interview cannot assess

This is Part 2 of a two-part assignment and the dependency is not decorative. Everything here is anchored to the job description you created or revised in Part 1, and specifically to the competencies and KSAOs — knowledge, skills, abilities and other attributes — you identified there. A plan that describes good interviewing in general, without tracing each element back to a competency you already named, has answered a different assignment. The practical consequence is that your first move is rereading Part 1, and the practical test of the finished plan is whether a reader could match every interview question to a KSAO on that list. Where Part 1 was thin, say so and refine it rather than working around it. The brief also asks you to draw on your own experience as a job applicant, which is the one element that cannot come from Part 1 and is easiest to forget entirely.

The preparation notes contain the sharpest instruction in the brief and it is easy to skim past: identify which specific competencies and KSAOs are *best assessed with the use of interview questions*, noting that interview questions may supplement other sources. That is a claim about the limits of interviews, and it is the intellectual core of the assignment. Some attributes are better evidenced elsewhere — licensure by credential check, technical skill by test or work sample, reliability by reference — and an interview that tries to assess everything assesses most of it badly. Saying explicitly which competencies you are *not* assessing by interview, and where you will get them instead, is the sentence that separates a plan from a wish list. The corollary is that the interview should be shorter and sharper than instinct suggests, since every minute spent on something a reference check would settle better is a minute not spent on judgement, communication or clinical reasoning.

The five essential questions are a scored deliverable with two halves, and the second half is where the marks concentrate. For each question you must explain what you would look for in the response — which means an answer key, not a rationale for asking. Behavioural questions phrased as "tell me about a time when…" work well here because what you are looking for can be described concretely: a specific situation rather than a general policy, the candidate's own action rather than the team's, and a stated outcome. Write the looking-for before you finalise the question, because a question whose good answer you cannot describe is a question that will not discriminate between candidates. Five is a small number for a healthcare role, so choose the competencies with the highest consequence of a hiring error rather than trying to sample the whole profile.

Rater bias is named in the preparation guidance as something to prevent, identify and address, which is three separate obligations rather than one. Prevention is structural: the same questions in the same order for every candidate, defined rating anchors, interviewers scoring independently before they confer. Identification is analytical: comparing rating patterns across interviewers, and watching for the known asymmetry between internal and external applicants. Addressing it is procedural: training, calibration sessions, and a rule about what happens when one rater is consistently out of step. A plan that only says interviewers will be trained has covered one of the three. The distinction between prevention and identification matters practically: prevention makes bias less likely, identification tells you whether it happened, and a plan with only the first has no way of knowing whether it worked. Note also that some bias is structural rather than individual, so the question set itself should be reviewed.

Structure is the strongest evidence-based claim available to you here and it is worth making explicitly rather than leaving implied. Increasing the systematicity of a selection process improves the quality of the decisions it produces — the same questions, the same anchors, independent scoring before discussion. This matters because the intuitive alternative, an experienced manager forming a holistic impression in conversation, is exactly what most hospitals actually do and what your plan will be read against. Citing evidence for structure converts your design choices from preferences into justified decisions, which is what a master's-level plan is expected to be. It also gives you something to say in the challenges section, since structure has a real cost in scheduling and interviewer time and acknowledging that trade-off is more credible than presenting the design as free.

Who is involved and how outcomes are compiled are two questions the brief asks separately, so answer them separately. Involvement in a healthcare setting typically spans the hiring manager, a peer from the role, someone from the department the role serves, and human resources — and the *why* the brief asks for should say what each is uniquely positioned to assess rather than that broad input is good. Compilation is a mechanics question: a common scoring form, independent submission before discussion, and a stated method for combining scores. Say whether you are averaging, using a consensus discussion, or treating any single veto as decisive, because those three produce different hires. Guidance for the recruits is asked for too and is easy to overlook: telling candidates the format, who they will meet and roughly what will be covered improves the signal you get rather than softening the assessment.

Resolving divergent ratings is asked as its own item and it needs a rule decided in advance, not a description of a conversation. The useful move is to distinguish two kinds of disagreement: interviewers who saw different evidence, which a structured discussion can resolve, and interviewers who saw the same evidence and weighted it differently, which is a criteria problem rather than a candidate problem. Naming that distinction, and saying what happens in each case — reconvene and share evidence, or return to the rating anchors and recalibrate — answers the question with a procedure rather than with goodwill. Decide in advance who owns the final decision as well, because a procedure that resolves disagreement without naming a decision-maker tends to resolve it by whoever is most senior in the room.

Two structural notes. The final item asks you to analyse your own process for potential challenges and explain how you would address them, which is a self-critique rather than a risk register — pick the two or three weaknesses your plan genuinely has, such as scheduling burden, interviewer availability, or the difficulty of assessing an attribute you admitted the interview cannot reach. And note that the rubric attached to this record is a discussion rubric with participation and peer-response criteria, while the task is a three-to-four page plan; check which applies to your submission before deciding how much of your effort goes into sources and responses. Choosing weaknesses that follow from your own design choices — rather than generic hiring risks — is what makes this section a self-critique, and it is usually the shortest section carrying the most credit.

Element

The version that loses marks

The version that scores

Part 1 link

Good practice in general

Every element traced to a named KSAO

Interview limits

Everything assessed by interview

What the interview cannot reach, and where it comes from

Ideal candidate

A personality sketch

The competency profile from Part 1

Five questions

Rationale for asking

An answer key describing the good response

Question type

Hypothetical

Behavioural, with a describable good answer

Bias — prevent

"Be objective"

Same questions, anchors, independent scoring

Bias — identify

Omitted

Rating patterns compared across interviewers

Bias — address

Training only

Calibration, and a rule for a consistent outlier

Structure

Asserted as good practice

Cited evidence that systematicity improves decisions

Panel

A list of roles

What each role is uniquely positioned to assess

Compilation

"Scores are combined"

Averaging, consensus or veto — stated

Divergence

A conversation

Different evidence versus different weighting

Challenges

A generic risk list

Weaknesses your own plan actually has

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Trace selection methods back to defined competencies and KSAOs.
  • 02
    Judge which attributes an interview can and cannot assess.
  • 03
    Design questions with describable scoring criteria.
  • 04
    Build rater bias controls into a process rather than into good intentions.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Based on the job description you created or revised in Part 1, design an interview and selection process for that job. In 3–4 pages, include the following: Describe the ideal candidate for this job, and explain the sources of information you would use in evaluating applicants. Explain an overview of your process to identify, and select that candidate. Focusing on the interview, explain: Who within the healthcare organization would be involved in the interview process, and why Pre-interview guidance and preparation for interviewers and recruits How interview outcomes would be compiled How differences in interview ratings would be resolved List five essential questions you would ask in an interview to evaluate key employee characteristics for this job. For each question, explain what you would look and listen for in the candidate’s response. Explain how you would measure a candidate and assess the recruit’s fitness for the position. Analyze your interview and selection process for potential challenges, and explain how you would address those challenges to improve the process and outcomes, including retaining good employees. The preparation support this week guides completion of Part 2 of your Assignment. Among the requirements is to identify five questions that you would ask a candidate you are interviewing for the specific job you have selected in Part 1, and how you would rate potential responses to each question. Recall the Week 1 Discussion on organizational fit, as well as being mindful of rater bias in evaluating job candidates. Keep in mind both considerations as you plan your approach to the interview and selection process. To Prepare: Review the Learning Resources on recruitment and selection of job applicants. Pay particular attention to Chapter 5 of your Fried & Fottler text on the interview process and developing effective interview questions. Also review the document, “Recruitment and Selection Plan: Guidelines and Worksheet,” found in the Week 2 Learning Resources, to assist your preparation for the Module 1 Assignment. Based on the job description that you selected and revised, develop a plan for interviewing and evaluating candidates for the target job. Include the following: Consider competencies and KSAOs (knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes) that you identified in Part 1 of this Assignment. Identify information sources for assessing the competencies and KSAOs, such as credentials; past work experiences; references, material submitted in the job application, and interview questions. Determine how to prioritize and evaluate the different requirements for the job. Assignment Interview and Selection Plan: Explain an overview of your process to identify, and select that candidate Identify which specific competencies/KSAOs are best assessed with the use of interview questions. Note that interview questions may supplement other sources of information, such as checking references. Consider how rater bias will be prevented, identified, and addressed. Decide who should be involved in the interview process and what guidance and training to provide to interviewers. Determine how information will be consolidated for each interview and how divergent impressions may be resolved. Draw on your own experience as a job applicant in a recent or particularly memorable recruitment episode to analyze the recruitment and selection process from an interviewee’s perspective. Consider issues that arose (e.g., internal vs. external applicants treated inequitably), specific challenges, positive and negative outcomes, as well as how the process can be improved.
02

What the plan must contain

  1. 01
    A description of the ideal candidate for the job.
  2. 02
    The sources of information you would use in evaluating applicants.
  3. 03
    An overview of your process to identify and select that candidate.
  4. 04
    Who within the organisation would be involved in the interview, and why.
  5. 05
    Pre-interview guidance and preparation for interviewers and recruits.
  6. 06
    How interview outcomes would be compiled.
  7. 07
    How differences in interview ratings would be resolved.
  8. 08
    Five essential interview questions.
  9. 09
    For each question, what you would look for in the response.
  10. 10
    How you would measure a candidate and assess fitness for the position.
  11. 11
    An analysis of potential challenges in your process, and how you would address them.
  12. 12
    Three to four pages.
03

Profile, process, questions, controls

01

The ideal candidate and where evidence comes from

Convert Part 1's competencies into a profile and map each to a source.

02

The process end to end

Set out identification through to selection, and who is involved.

03

Questions and scoring

Give five questions, each with what a good response contains.

04

Bias, consolidation and self-critique

Control rating error, combine scores by a stated rule, and critique the plan.

04

The named chapter, then the evidence

Recommended databases

  • PubMed Central
  • Personnel and organisational psychology literature
  • The Fried & Fottler text

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Reread the chapter the brief names on the interview, since the plan is expected to use the course text's framework before reaching outside it.
  2. 2.
    Find evidence on whether structured selection outperforms unstructured judgement, which is the claim your design choices rest on.
  3. 3.
    Search for research on rater reliability and on differences in how internal and external applicants are rated, because that is the identification half of the bias requirement.
  4. 4.
    Look for work on interview reliability in health or clinical selection specifically, so the evidence is drawn from a setting like the one you are hiring into.
  5. 5.
    Check the literature on what interviews predict well and predict poorly, which is what supports the decision about which KSAOs to assess elsewhere.
05

Structure, reliability and bias

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Increasing systematicity leads to better selection decisions: Evidence from a computer paradigm for evaluating selection tools

    PLOS ONE · 2017

    The evidence behind structuring the process. Cite it where you commit to identical questions and independent scoring, so those read as justified decisions rather than as preferences.

  2. 02

    Disparities in ratings of internal and external applicants: A case for model-based inter-rater reliability

    PLOS ONE · 2018

    A specific, measurable bias with a specific detection method, which is exactly what the identify half of the rater bias requirement needs.

  3. 03

    Dutch postgraduate GP selection procedure; reliability of interview assessments

    BMC Family Practice · 2013

    Reliability data from selection interviews in a health setting. Useful for arguing how many interviewers you need and why independent ratings are consolidated rather than negotiated.

  4. 04

    Balancing Fairness and Efficiency: The Impact of Identity-Blind and Identity-Conscious Accountability on Applicant Screening

    PLOS ONE · 2015

    Compares two accountability approaches to screening bias, which gives the prevention half of the bias requirement a design choice to argue rather than a platitude.

06

Before submitting

Common mistakes

  • Describing good interviewing practice without reference to Part 1.
  • Failing to trace interview questions back to named competencies.
  • Assessing every attribute by interview.
  • Omitting which competencies the interview cannot reach.
  • Describing the ideal candidate as a personality rather than a competency profile.
  • Explaining why each question is asked instead of what a good answer contains.
  • Writing hypothetical questions whose good answers cannot be described.
  • Covering rater bias with a statement about objectivity.
  • Addressing prevention but not identification or remedy.
  • Asserting that structure is good practice without citing evidence.
  • Listing panel roles without saying what each is positioned to assess.
  • Leaving the method for combining scores unstated.
  • Answering the divergence question with a description of a discussion.
  • Producing a generic risk list instead of critiquing your own plan.

Submission checklist

  • Every element connects to a competency or KSAO from Part 1.
  • The plan states which competencies are best assessed by interview.
  • It states where the others will be assessed instead.
  • All five questions have a described good answer.
  • The questions are behavioural or otherwise scoreable.
  • Bias prevention, identification and remedy are each addressed.
  • Interviewers score independently before conferring.
  • The evidence for structured interviewing is cited.
  • Each panel member's unique contribution is named.
  • The combination rule for scores is explicit.
  • The divergence procedure distinguishes evidence from weighting.
  • The challenges section critiques this plan specifically.
  • The submission is three to four pages.

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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