Harrah's neural networks and Western Digital dashboards
Two separate cases in one paper, and the second one is harder: the Western Digital questions ask you to tell dashboards from scorecards and BPM's closed loop from the OODA cycle, which are distinctions the article assumes rather than states.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 15, 2026
Two cases, nine questions, one paper
This is one deliverable covering two unrelated readings, so plan it as two halves with a shared APA frame rather than as a single argument. The Harrah's half asks which of the casino's data applications are most likely built on neural networks. The answer turns on recognising what neural networks are good at: pattern recognition over large volumes of noisy behavioural data where the relationship is non-linear and nobody can write the rule down. Customer churn prediction, propensity-to-play scoring and personalised offer targeting fit that description; a nightly revenue report does not. The follow-up questions ask what else Harrah's could build and what concerns you would have as a customer, and the second is not decoration. Say something concrete about consent, inferred sensitive the ethics of predicting how much someone will lose before they walk in. The phrase most likely in the question is an invitation to reason under uncertainty, not to guess.
The Western Digital half is where the marks are hardest to earn, because two of its questions are definitional. A dashboard displays current operational state for monitoring; a scorecard measures progress against strategic targets over time. The article's VIS is closer to the first, and saying so with a reason is the answer. Similarly, business performance management runs a closed loop of plan, monitor, analyse and act, while the OODA cycle observes, orients, decides and acts under time pressure and competitive response. The similarity is the loop; the difference is that OODA assumes an adversary and a tempo, so the value of a decision decays if a rival completes the cycle first. That is why real-time refresh matters at Western Digital in a way it would not for a quarterly strategic review. Answer whether the dashboards are operational or tactical by pointing at their refresh rate and their audience, then close with practical advice for a company building its own.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Identify the classes of business problem for which neural networks are the appropriate technique.
- 02Distinguish a dashboard from a scorecard, and an operational display from a tactical one.
- 03Compare the closed loop of business performance management with the OODA decision cycle.
- 04Articulate the customer-facing ethical concerns raised by behavioural analytics.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes. Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor. The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01An APA-formatted paper covering both cases.
- 02A reasoned selection of which Harrah's applications rest on neural networks, with justification.
- 03A stated customer concern about the data collection described in the case.
- 04Explicit definitions of VIS, BPM and the OODA cycle as used in your answer.
- 05Practical recommendations for a company beginning its own dashboard programme.
Working through Harrah's and then Western Digital
Neural networks at Harrah's
Identify which data applications most plausibly use neural networks, and explain what about each problem makes the technique fit.
Extensions and customer concerns
Propose further applications the collected data would support, then state a concern you would hold as a customer.
VIS and the BPM architecture
Describe what VIS is and compare its architecture with that of business performance management.
Closed loops: BPM against OODA
Set the two cycles side by side and name what they share and where they part.
Dashboards, scorecards and advice
Classify the Western Digital displays, state the benefits realised, and give implementation advice.
Sources for neural networks, BPM and dashboards
Recommended databases
- Your course textbook, chapter 9 and the dashboards article
- ACM Digital Library
- IEEE Xplore
- PubMed Central for dashboard design evidence
- Vendor technical documentation for architectural terms
Search sequence
- 1.Start with the two assigned readings — the questions are answerable from them and the marks are for reading closely, not widely.
- 2.Use a vendor-neutral technical reference to fix the definition of a neural network before deciding which applications qualify.
- 3.Search for peer-reviewed work on dashboard design if you need evidence for the advice section, since design guidance is well studied.
- 4.Check any additional source's date: business intelligence terminology has shifted, and a definition older than about a decade may not match your textbook's.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
What Is a Neural Network?
IBM · 2024
A vendor-neutral definition to test each Harrah's application against, rather than deciding by which one sounds most advanced.
- 02
From glitter to gold: recommendations for effective dashboards from design through sustainment
Implementation Science · 2025
Peer-reviewed design and sustainment guidance that gives the final advice section something better than intuition.
- 03
What is Project Management?
Project Management Institute · 2024
Frames the implementation advice as a project with stakeholders and phases, which is what the last question is really asking for.
- 04
Hospitals' adoption of intra-system information exchange is negatively associated with inter-system information exchange
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · 2018
A worked account of an operational data display in use, useful for arguing whether a system is operational or tactical.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Naming every Harrah's application as a neural network application, which shows the technique was not understood.
- Treating dashboard and scorecard as synonyms, when one of the questions exists precisely to separate them.
- Describing BPM and OODA in turn without ever comparing them, which is what the question asks.
- Skipping the customer-concerns question because it feels like an opinion rather than an answer.
- Submitting two disconnected sets of answers with no APA structure holding them together.
Submission checklist
- Have you justified your neural network selections rather than just listing applications?
- Is there a clear, stated difference between dashboard and scorecard in your answer?
- Did you actually compare BPM with OODA rather than describing them separately?
- Have you classified the Western Digital dashboards as operational or tactical, with a reason?
- Does the paper follow APA formatting, with references for anything beyond the two readings?
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Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.