NUR 513 Topic 4 DQ 2: Two Nursing Theories
Five sub-questions hide in this prompt, and behaviour change is the one that gets dropped. A theory that cannot tell you why a patient changed is not doing any work in your answer.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 16, 2026
Two theories, and the comparison is the assignment
Count the questions before you write: relate two theories to patient care, use them for inciting behavioural change, weigh pros and cons of applying each, integrate them into future practice, and consider the ethical issues of that integration. That is five, and posts routinely answer the first and last thirty words of the prompt while skipping the middle. The behaviour-change clause is the one that decides the grade, because it is the only part that cannot be answered by summarising a theorist. Choose theories whose mechanisms differ in a way you can exploit. Watson's human caring is relational and works through the therapeutic encounter itself, so it explains change that follows from being heard. Orem's self-care deficit theory is structural, and it explains change that follows from closing a gap between what a patient needs and what they can currently do. Two theories that both say caring matters give you nothing to compare.
Pros and cons should be about applying the theory, not about the theory's reputation. A grand theory gives you a vocabulary and a philosophy but almost no operational guidance, so its cost is that two nurses can apply it to the same patient and act differently. A middle-range theory is narrower and more directly testable, and its cost is that it may not reach your patient's situation at all. Say which problem you would rather have and why, in your own intended setting. The ethical clause is genuinely part of the assignment: integrating a relational theory raises questions about boundaries and emotional labour, and integrating a deficit model risks framing a patient as a set of shortfalls. Name one real tension rather than asserting that both theories are ethical. The peer-response half asks for a study that used one of your theories, so search for applications, not summaries.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Distinguish grand theory from middle-range theory by what each can and cannot guide.
- 02Explain a behaviour change through a theory's own mechanism.
- 03Assess a theory by the cost of applying it rather than by its standing.
- 04Identify an ethical tension created by putting a theory into practice.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01Two named theories chosen for contrasting mechanisms.
- 02A statement of how each relates to patient care in a specific setting.
- 03A worked account of behaviour change through each theory.
- 04Pros and cons framed as costs of application.
- 05One named ethical tension arising from integration.
- 06A cited study that applied one of the two theories.
Relate each theory to care, then to behaviour change
The two theories and why this pair
Name both and justify the pairing by contrasting mechanisms.
How each relates to patient care
Ground both theories in a specific care setting.
Inciting behavioural change
Explain a change in patient behaviour through each theory's own mechanism.
Pros and cons of applying each
Weigh the practical cost of using each theory at the bedside.
Integration and its ethical issues
Combine the two in future practice and name the tension that creates.
Finding a study that actually used the theory
Recommended databases
- CINAHL
- PubMed Central
- Nursology
- Your university library's nursing theory guide
Search sequence
- 1.Choose the two theories before searching so the reading is targeted.
- 2.Search for the theorist's name together with an application term such as intervention or implementation.
- 3.Prefer a study that used the theory as a framework over one that merely cites it.
- 4.Find one source on the grand versus middle-range distinction to support the pros and cons.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Nursing Theories & Models
Nursology · 2025
A curated index of nursing theories, useful for choosing a contrasting pair rather than a familiar one.
- 02
Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations
Nursology · 2025
A worked account of a relational theory, for the behaviour-change section.
- 03
Self-care deficit nursing theory
Wikipedia · 2025
An accessible summary of Orem's structure — use it to orient, then cite a scholarly source in the post itself.
- 04
Emerging Trends in Mid-Range Nursing Theories: A Scoping Review
Nursing Reports · 2025
A scoping review of middle-range theories, which supports the grand versus middle-range comparison.
- 05
Comparing the Concept of Caring in Islamic Perspective with Watson and Parse's Nursing Theories
Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research · 2017
Watson and Parse compared against a third tradition — an applied treatment of caring theory rather than a summary of it.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Summarising both theorists and never comparing the theories.
- Skipping the behaviour-change clause entirely.
- Choosing two theories that make the same claim, leaving nothing to contrast.
- Treating the ethics question as a formality and answering that both are ethical.
Submission checklist
- Have you answered all five sub-questions, including behaviour change?
- Do your two theories differ in mechanism rather than only in name?
- Are the pros and cons about application rather than reputation?
- Is the cited study an application of the theory rather than a description of it?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

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