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Assignment questions

Performance-expectations gap and corporate strategy

Performance-expectations gap is a named concept, not a phrase: the distance between what stakeholders expect of a company and what it actually delivers. Describe the issue in those terms explicitly or the middle third of the essay is unanswered.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 15, 2026

01

The gap is the concept being tested

The instruction to describe the public issue in terms of a performance-expectations gap is the whole middle of the essay, and it is a specific idea rather than a turn of phrase. The gap is the distance between what stakeholders expect a company to do and what it actually does, and the useful move is to name both sides. Say who holds the expectation — customers, employees, a regulator, a community, investors — and say where the expectation comes from, because it may be law, an industry norm, the company's own public commitment, or a shifting social standard. Then say what the company actually delivered, with the article as evidence. The gap is what remains, and it can open from either direction: performance can fall, or expectations can rise while performance stays where it was. Naming which of those happened is the difference between a description and an analysis.

Choose a company you can find real coverage of, since the brief requires a link to an article from a leading news organisation and that constraint should drive the selection rather than follow it. Pick a bounded issue — a specific labour dispute, a data breach, an emissions disclosure, a supplier controversy — rather than a company's general reputation, because a bounded issue has a datable article and a nameable stakeholder. The strategy section then asks what you recommend and why. Weak answers say improve transparency; strong ones say which mechanism closes the gap, whether by raising performance, by resetting the expectation honestly, or by both, and what it costs. Acknowledge the trade-off, because a recommendation with no cost is one nobody had to decide. Keep to 450-550 words, which leaves roughly a third of the essay for each of the three numbered requirements, which is tighter than it sounds.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Define a performance-expectations gap and locate both of its sides.
  • 02
    Distinguish a gap opened by falling performance from one opened by rising expectations.
  • 03
    Select a bounded public issue that documented coverage exists for.
  • 04
    Propose a strategy that names a mechanism and acknowledges its cost.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Compose an essay of 450 to 550 words in which you: 1. Select a company (i.e., your focal organization) based in the USA. Think about the companies you do business with most often, companies that interest you (for whatever reason), or companies that you see covered by news media. 2. Identify and describe a public issue relating to the company’s social or environmental impact. Include a link to at least one article that mentions the issue, published by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, or another leading news organization. Describe the public issue in terms of a performance-expectations gap. 3. Propose a strategy to address that issue and explain your reasoning. What do you recommend the company do in this situation?
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes. Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages. Discussion: Performance-expectations gap. Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor. The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument. ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS Discussion Questions (DQ) Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses. Weekly Participation Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week. APA Format and Writing Quality Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition. Use of Direct Quotes I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. LopesWrite Policy For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score. Late Policy The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading. Communication Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours. Discussion: Performance-expectations gap.

02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    An essay of 450-550 words on a named US-based company.
  2. 02
    A described public issue with a link to a qualifying news article.
  3. 03
    An explicit performance-expectations gap analysis naming the stakeholder and the expectation.
  4. 04
    A proposed strategy with reasoning and an acknowledged trade-off.
03

Company, issue as a gap, then strategy

01

Select the company and the issue

Name a US-based company and a bounded social or environmental issue with coverage.

02

Evidence from the coverage

Summarise the article and link it, establishing what actually happened.

03

The gap itself

Name the stakeholder, the expectation, its source, and the actual performance.

04

Strategy and trade-off

Recommend a mechanism, explain the reasoning and state what it costs.

04

Finding the article the brief requires

Recommended databases

  • The New York Times
  • The Wall Street Journal
  • OECD responsible business conduct resources
  • SASB Standards
  • Your course text

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Search the qualifying outlets first and let the available coverage decide the company, not the other way round.
  2. 2.
    Check the company's own sustainability report or public commitments, which is often where the expectation was set.
  3. 3.
    Look for an industry standard or a regulator's position, which tells you whether the expectation is normative or legal.
  4. 4.
    Find one source describing a company that closed a similar gap, so the strategy has a precedent.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    Responsible business conduct

    OECD · 2025

    An international standard for what stakeholders may legitimately expect, which is where the expectation side of the gap comes from.

  2. 02

    IFRS - About

    IFRS Foundation, SASB Standards · 2025

    Industry-specific disclosure standards, useful for showing that an expectation is codified rather than merely felt.

  3. 03

    Wealth Inequality

    Pew Research Center · 2024

    Public-attitude data, which supports the case that expectations shift over time independently of performance.

  4. 04

    What is Project Management?

    Project Management Institute · 2024

    A framework for turning the recommended strategy into something with phases, owners and a cost.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Using the phrase performance-expectations gap without identifying who expects what.
  • Choosing a company's general reputation rather than a bounded, datable issue.
  • Citing a blog or advocacy site when a leading news organisation is specified.
  • Recommending transparency with no mechanism and no cost.
  • Missing the word count in either direction.

Submission checklist

  • Is the company US-based and named?
  • Does the essay link to an article from a qualifying news organisation?
  • Have you identified the stakeholder, the expectation and the actual performance?
  • Do you say whether performance fell or expectations rose?
  • Does the strategy name a mechanism and a cost, within 450-550 words?

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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