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BusinessCase studyBusiness ethics

Workplace Ethics Unprofessional Conduct Case Study Guide

The case study's own questions are the structure — answer each in its first sentence, then use the three theories as lenses rather than as a sequence.

Updated

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 9, 2026

01

Answer the case's questions, in order

The graded task is narrower than it looks: analyse *the questions associated with your chosen case study*, and explain your rationale for each answer. So the paper's structure is given to you by the case study's own question set, not invented. Work through those questions in order under headings that echo them, answer each one directly in its first sentence, and then spend the rest of the section justifying it. A paper that discusses the case at length and never isolates the questions has made the marker do the sorting, and the second criterion — explain your rationale for each of your answers — cannot be assessed if the answers are not identifiable. Four to six pages across a typical case study's four or five questions is about a page each, which is enough to answer, justify and apply a theory, and not enough to retell the case.

Choosing between the two offered cases is worth thirty seconds of thought rather than none. Case 9.1 concerns unprofessional conduct and Case 8.4 concerns a different situation; pick the one whose questions you can answer with the course's own concepts, since criterion one requires you to discuss them *using concepts you learned in this course*. That phrase rules out answering from common sense and then adding a theory at the end. Whichever you choose, commit — a paper that gestures at both cases loses the specificity that makes the analysis worth reading. Read both question sets before choosing, because the case that seems more interesting is not always the one whose questions map onto the ethical frameworks you can apply confidently. Name the case you selected in the opening paragraph and summarise it in three sentences at most, since the marker has the case in front of them and every sentence of retelling is one taken from the analysis.

Three ethical theories are named in the course outcomes — utilitarian, Kantian and virtue — and the strongest papers use them as *different lenses on the same question* rather than as a sequence of paragraphs. A utilitarian analysis asks who is affected and how the consequences aggregate; a Kantian analysis asks whether the action could be universalised and whether anyone is being used merely as a means; a virtue analysis asks what a person of good character would do and what the decision expresses about the organisation. Applied to one question they often disagree, and the disagreement is the analysis. Where they converge, say so and say why, because convergence across three incompatible frameworks is a stronger argument than any one of them alone. Say which framework you find most persuasive for this case and why, because a paper that applies three lenses without ever choosing between them has described the disagreement rather than resolved it.

The civil liberty outcome is the one most often ignored and it is specific: the implications of civil liberty laws in the workplace across hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge and wage discrimination. An unprofessional conduct case sits directly on that ground, because the question of what an employer may legitimately discipline someone for turns on where workplace authority ends. Off-duty conduct, expression, association and privacy are all live, and the distinction between what is *legal* for an employer to do and what is *ethical* is exactly the kind of point this outcome is testing. Keep the legal discussion proportionate — this is a business ethics paper rather than an employment law one — but do not leave the outcome unaddressed, since it is named separately for a reason. Corporate social responsibility belongs here too, since the first course outcome asks about balancing corporate and social responsibilities and a discipline decision is exactly where those two pull apart.

Rationale is the second criterion and it means more than restating the answer with the word *because* in front of it. A rationale identifies which considerations you weighted most heavily and why, which framework produced your conclusion, and what would have changed your answer. That last part is the strongest move available: naming the fact that would flip your position demonstrates that you reached it by reasoning rather than by reflex. Where the case leaves something ambiguous, say what you assumed rather than resolving it silently. Address the strongest argument against your answer as well, since an ethics paper that never engages the other side has not shown that its conclusion survived any pressure. Keep the rationale sections proportionate to how contested each answer is, since the questions with an obvious answer need a paragraph and the one that decides the case deserves a page.

The mechanics are itemised and each is checkable: four to six pages, typed, double spaced, Times New Roman 12, one-inch margins, a cover page carrying the title, your name, the professor's name, the course title and the date, and a reference page — with both the cover and the reference page excluded from the page count. The textbook must be cited as a reference, which is unusual and easy to overlook. APA format applies to both citations and references. Cite the textbook where you use its concepts rather than adding it to the reference list at the end, because the requirement exists to check that the course's own material shaped the analysis. Check the page count against the body only, and check it before the final edit, because a paper that arrives at seven pages has to lose an argument rather than a few adjectives.

Criterion

The version that loses marks

The version that scores

Structure

A discussion of the case

Headings echoing the case's own questions

Answers

Implied

Stated in the first sentence of each section

Course concepts

Common sense with theory appended

The course's frameworks doing the work

Case choice

Hedged across both

One case, committed to

The three theories

Three sequential paragraphs

Three lenses on one question

Disagreement

Smoothed over

Named as the analysis

Civil liberty outcome

Unaddressed

Discipline, discharge and off-duty conduct examined

Legal vs ethical

Conflated

Distinguished explicitly

Rationale

The answer with 'because'

Weighting, framework, and what would change it

Textbook

Listed but uncited

Cited where its concepts are used

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Structure a paper around a case study's own question set.
  • 02
    Apply utilitarian, Kantian and virtue analysis to one question rather than sequentially.
  • 03
    Distinguish what an employer may legally do from what is ethically defensible.
  • 04
    Write a rationale that names what would have changed the answer.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Workplace Ethics: Unprofessional Conduct Case Study Overview This assignment will give you the opportunity to choose a case study, and then write about the ethical implications and the impact of the events that are described. Each case study includes a set of questions that you should answer. You can choose either Case Study 9.1: Unprofessional Conduct, or Case Study 8.4: Have Gun Will Travel. You will be graded on the following criteria: Write a four to six (4) page paper in which you: 1. Analyze the questions associated with your chosen case study and discuss them using concepts you learned in this course. 2. Explain your rationale for each of your answers to your chosen case study. 3. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements: a. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. b. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length. c. Cite your textbook as a reference. d. Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length. Workplace Ethics: Unprofessional Conduct Case Study Outcomes The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Determine the considerations for and process of ethical business decision making to balance corporate and social responsibilities and address moral, economic, and legal concerns. Analyze selected business situations using the predominant ethical theories, such as utilitarian, Kantian, and virtue ethics to guide ethical business decision making. Determine the implications and impact of various civil liberty laws in the workplace, such as hiring, promotion, discipline, discharge, and wage discrimination. Use technology and information resources to research issues in business ethics. Write clearly and concisely about business ethics using proper writing mechanics.
02

What the paper must contain

  1. 01
    A four- to six-page paper.
  2. 02
    An analysis of each question associated with the chosen case study.
  3. 03
    The rationale for each answer.
  4. 04
    Application of the course's ethical theories.
  5. 05
    A cover page and an APA reference page, neither counted in the page length.
  6. 06
    The textbook cited as a reference.
03

From the case choice to the counterargument

01

Choosing the case and framing the questions

Commit to one case and set out its question set as the structure.

02

Question by question

Answer each directly, then justify.

03

Three lenses

Apply utilitarian, Kantian and virtue analysis to the central question.

04

Workplace rights and employer authority

Address discipline, discharge and the limits of workplace authority.

05

Counterargument and conclusion

Engage the strongest objection and state what would change the answer.

04

The course's frameworks, then the evidence

Recommended databases

  • The course textbook
  • Journal of Business Ethics
  • PubMed Central
  • Business and management databases

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Read both case studies' question sets before choosing, since the questions rather than the narrative determine which case you can answer well.
  2. 2.
    Locate the course text's treatment of the three ethical theories, because the paper must use the course's own formulations rather than general accounts of them.
  3. 3.
    Search for empirical work on how deontological and consequentialist reasoning actually drive judgements, which strengthens the comparison between frameworks.
  4. 4.
    Find literature on off-duty conduct and employer authority, which is where the civil liberty outcome gets its content.
05

Moral reasoning and professional boundaries

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    A Meta-Analytical Assessment of the Effect of Deontological Evaluations and Teleological Evaluations on Ethical Judgments

    Journal of Business Ethics · 2023

    Evidence on how deontological and consequentialist reasoning actually influence ethical judgements, which grounds the comparison between the frameworks rather than leaving it theoretical.

  2. 02

    Personal infidelity and professional conduct in 4 settings

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2019

    Empirical work on whether private conduct predicts professional misconduct, which is the factual question underneath any argument about disciplining off-duty behaviour.

  3. 03

    "You Are You, But You Are Also Your Profession": Nebulous Boundaries of Personal Substance Use

    Contemporary Drug Problems · 2023

    Examines where professional identity stops and private life begins, which is exactly the boundary an unprofessional conduct case asks you to locate.

  4. 04

    Uncovering the moral heuristics of altruism: A philosophical scale

    PLOS ONE · 2020

    Connects philosophical positions to measurable moral reasoning, useful for arguing that a chosen framework describes real judgement rather than an abstraction.

06

Before the paper is submitted

Common mistakes

  • Discussing the case without isolating its questions.
  • Leaving the answers implicit so the rationale has nothing to explain.
  • Answering from common sense and adding a theory afterwards.
  • Hedging across both offered case studies.
  • Treating the three theories as three sequential paragraphs.
  • Smoothing over disagreement between the frameworks.
  • Ignoring the civil liberty outcome entirely.
  • Conflating what is legal with what is ethical.
  • Writing a rationale that restates the answer.
  • Resolving case ambiguities silently instead of stating assumptions.
  • Never engaging the strongest counterargument.
  • Listing the textbook in the references without citing it.

Submission checklist

  • Every question from the chosen case study has its own section.
  • Each section answers its question in the first sentence.
  • Course concepts are used to reach the answers, not to decorate them.
  • Utilitarian, Kantian and virtue analyses are applied to the same questions.
  • Where the frameworks disagree, the disagreement is discussed.
  • Workplace civil liberty implications are addressed.
  • The legal-ethical distinction is made explicitly.
  • Each rationale names the weighting and what would have changed it.
  • Assumptions about case ambiguities are stated.
  • A counterargument is engaged.
  • The textbook is cited in the text.
  • The paper is 4-6 pages excluding cover and reference pages.

Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by

Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines

Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by

Dr. Nathan Cole

PhD, Rhetoric & Composition

Argumentation and thesis development

Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.

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