DNP 801 Topic 5: annotated bibliography of six
Six annotations is enough that consistency becomes the challenge. Write them to a fixed internal template so that reading down the page compares studies rather than describing them one after another.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 15, 2026
An annotation is not a summary
An annotation is not a summary and the distinction decides the grade. A summary says what the article contains; an annotation says what the article contributes and what its limits are, which means every annotation carries an assessment as well as a description. Use the Preparing Annotated Bibliographies resource for the house format, then impose your own internal template inside each entry so the six can be compared: the study's purpose and design, its sample and setting, its main finding, its methodological limitation, and its relevance to your PICOT question. Writing all six to the same internal order is the single most useful discipline here, because a reader scanning down the page can then see across the studies rather than through them one at a time — and so can you, which is what the later evaluation paper depends on. Settle the template on the first entry rather than discovering it on the fifth.
Two practical points. First, in your own words is a requirement rather than a courtesy: an annotated bibliography assembled by lightly rewording abstracts is patchwriting, it is detectable, and this assignment goes to Turnitin. Read the article, close it, write the annotation, then reopen to check accuracy — the same discipline that produces a genuine paraphrase anywhere. Second, use the Empirical Research Checklist as the assignment instructs, which means all six must be empirical studies rather than reviews, and it is worth confirming that before you write six annotations. Choose the six to cover your PICOT elements rather than clustering on the most-studied one, and include at least one study that does not support your expected direction if such a study exists — an annotated bibliography with six confirming studies is either a very settled question or a biased search, and your chair will wonder which. The limitation line in each annotation is where you show you read critically rather than collected.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Distinguish an annotation from a summary by the inclusion of assessment.
- 02Impose a consistent internal structure across multiple annotations.
- 03Paraphrase genuinely rather than rewording abstracts.
- 04Select a set of studies that covers the question rather than confirming it.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01Six empirical articles meeting the checklist criteria.
- 02An annotation for each, in your own words, with correct APA citation.
- 03A consistent internal structure across all six.
- 04A stated limitation in each annotation.
- 05Submission to Turnitin as required.
Six articles, each annotated the same way
Establish the annotation template
Fix purpose, design, sample, finding, limitation and relevance as your internal order.
Select for coverage
Choose six articles spanning the PICOT elements rather than repeating one.
Write in your own words
Draft each annotation from understanding rather than from the abstract.
State the limitation
Name each study's methodological weakness and what it means for your use of it.
Format and cite
Apply the house annotated bibliography format and correct APA citations.
Building the six around your PICOT
Recommended databases
- CINAHL
- OVID
- The Cochrane Library for context
- PubMed Central
- The Preparing Annotated Bibliographies resource
Search sequence
- 1.Confirm the checklist criteria before collecting six articles you may have to discard.
- 2.Search each PICOT element separately so the six spread across the question.
- 3.Deliberately search for a study that does not support your expected direction.
- 4.Draft one annotation and settle the template before writing the other five.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Plagiarism
APA Style, American Psychological Association · 2024
The standard the in-your-own-words requirement is held to, including what patchwriting is.
- 02
Plagiarism Overview - Purdue OWL
Purdue University · 2024
The practical distinction between a genuine paraphrase and a reworded abstract.
- 03
Systematic content analysis: A combined method to analyze the literature
MethodsX · 2020
A systematic approach to analysing a body of literature, which is what a consistent template enables.
- 04
Human Subjects Research Design
StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf · 2023
Design vocabulary for the annotation's design and limitation lines.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Writing summaries rather than annotations, with no assessment of contribution or limits.
- Rewording abstracts, which is patchwriting and is detectable.
- Varying the internal structure between entries, which makes comparison impossible.
- Including reviews, which the empirical checklist excludes.
- Selecting six studies that all confirm the expected direction.
Submission checklist
- Does every annotation include a limitation?
- Are all six written to the same internal order?
- Did you write each one from memory rather than from the abstract?
- Are all six empirical by the checklist's criteria?
- Do the six cover the PICOT elements rather than clustering?
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.