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NursingDiscussion postGenetics

DNP 810 Topic 1 DQ 2: replication and translation

The phrase for both DNA and RNA is doing more work than it looks. It asks you to account for RNA genomes and reverse transcription, not simply to mention RNA at the transcription step.

Editorial process

Last reviewed · August 15, 2026

01

Three processes, and RNA is in all of them

Start with the three processes stated cleanly, because precision here is most of the mark. Replication copies a genome so that each daughter cell receives a complete set: DNA polymerase reads each strand and builds a complementary one, producing two identical double helices. Transcription copies a segment of DNA into RNA: RNA polymerase reads the template strand and produces a messenger RNA transcript that is processed before leaving the nucleus. Translation reads that transcript in three-base codons at the ribosome and assembles the corresponding chain of amino acids, with transfer RNA delivering each one. Different enzymes, different products, different locations — and saying where each occurs in a eukaryotic cell is a cheap way to show you understand them as distinct events rather than as stages of one process. Naming the location of each process in a eukaryotic cell is a cheap way to show they are distinct events rather than three stages of one.

Then handle the clause the prompt actually turns on. RNA is not only the product of transcription: it can itself be a genome and it can itself be replicated. RNA viruses use an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to replicate their genomes directly, with no DNA stage at all, which is why influenza and coronaviruses mutate as fast as they do — that polymerase lacks proofreading. Retroviruses invert the usual direction entirely, using reverse transcriptase to make DNA from an RNA template before integrating it into the host genome, which is what makes HIV a lifelong infection and what antiretroviral therapy is designed around. Noting that RNA also does structural and catalytic work, in ribosomal and transfer RNA, rounds the answer out. A post that covers the reverse-direction cases has answered the question that was asked. Covering the reverse-direction cases is what shows the final clause was read rather than skimmed.

Likely learning objectives

Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.

  • 01
    Distinguish three molecular processes by enzyme, template and product.
  • 02
    Locate each process within a eukaryotic cell.
  • 03
    Account for RNA as a genome as well as a transcript.
  • 04
    Explain reverse transcription and its clinical significance.
Assignment instructionsQuoted verbatim

Read the full question

Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.

Describe the difference among replication, transcription, and translation for both DNA and RNA.
Course-wide instructions that accompany this question

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation Hi Class, Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts. Contact me if you have any questions. Important information on Writing a Discussion Question Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references) There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article. Include in-text citations in your response Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information Follow APA-7th edition Points will be deducted if the above is not followed Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week. Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references) Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count. Follow APA 7th edition Points will be deducted if the above is not followed Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points. Here are some helpful links Student paper example Citing Sources The Writing Center is a great resource Welcome to class DNP 810 Topic 1 DQ 2 Describe the difference among replication, transcription, and translation for both DNA and RNA. Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to. I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you. Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted. If you think you would be needing accommodations due to any reasons, please contact the appropriate department to request accommodations. Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements. Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week. I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course! Name: Discussion Rubric Grid View List View Excellent 90–100 Good 80–89 Fair 70–79 Poor 0–69 Main Posting: Response to the Discussion question is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. 40 (40%) – 44 (44%) Thoroughly responds to the Discussion question(s). Is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. No less than 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three current credible sources. 35 (35%) – 39 (39%) Responds to most of the Discussion question(s). Is somewhat reflective with critical analysis and synthesis representative of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. 50% of the post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible references. 31 (31%) – 34 (34%) Responds to some of the Discussion question(s). One to two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Cited with fewer than two credible references. 0 (0%) – 30 (30%) Does not respond to the Discussion question(s). Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible references. Main Posting: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Written clearly and concisely. Contains no grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Written concisely. May contain one to two grammatical or spelling errors. Adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Written somewhat concisely. May contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style. Main Posting: Timely and full participation 9 (9%) – 10 (10%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts main Discussion by due date. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts main Discussion by due date. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Posts main Discussion by due date. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post main Discussion by due date. First Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources. 9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. First Response: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. First Response: Timely and full participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date. Second Response: Post to colleague’s main post that is reflective and justified with credible sources. 9 (9%) – 9 (9%) Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Responds to questions posed by faculty. The use of scholarly sources to support ideas demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. 8 (8%) – 8 (8%) Response has some depth and may exhibit critical thinking or application to practice setting. 7 (7%) – 7 (7%) Response is on topic and may have some depth. 0 (0%) – 6 (6%) Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Second Response: Writing 6 (6%) – 6 (6%) Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Communication is mostly professional and respectful to colleagues. Response to faculty questions are mostly answered, if posed. Provides opinions and ideas that are supported by few credible sources. Response is written in standard, edited English. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Response posed in the Discussion may lack effective professional communication. Response to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Few or no credible sources are cited. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Responses posted in the Discussion lack effective communication. Response to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. Second Response: Timely and full participation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Meets requirements for timely, full, and active participation. Posts by due date. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Meets requirements for full participation. Posts by due date. 3 (3%) – 3 (3%) Posts by due date. 0 (0%) – 2 (2%) Does not meet requirements for full participation. Does not post by due date. Total Points: 100 Name: Discussion Rubric

02

Turn the brief into deliverables

  1. 01
    Clear definitions of replication, transcription and translation.
  2. 02
    The enzyme, template and product for each.
  3. 03
    An account of RNA replication in RNA viruses.
  4. 04
    Reverse transcription and why it matters clinically.
03

Define each, then handle the RNA clause

01

Replication

Define genome copying, its enzyme, its template and its product.

02

Transcription

Define DNA to RNA copying and the processing that follows.

03

Translation

Explain codon reading at the ribosome and the role of transfer RNA.

04

The RNA cases

Cover RNA-dependent RNA replication and reverse transcription with clinical examples.

04

Primary molecular sources, not lecture summaries

Recommended databases

  • NCBI Bookshelf (Molecular Biology of the Cell)
  • MedlinePlus Genetics
  • National Human Genome Research Institute
  • PubMed Central

Search sequence

  1. 1.
    Read the primary molecular account of each process before summarising it.
  2. 2.
    Search RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for the mutation rate argument.
  3. 3.
    Look up how reverse transcriptase inhibitors work, which gives the clinical example.
  4. 4.
    Confirm where each process occurs in a eukaryotic cell rather than assuming.
05

Reference shortlist

These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.

Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.

  1. 01

    DNA Replication Mechanisms - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf

    Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (NCBI Bookshelf) · 2002

    The mechanism of replication in detail, including why the two strands are copied differently.

  2. 02

    From DNA to RNA - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf

    Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (NCBI Bookshelf) · 2002

    Transcription set out from the primary literature, which keeps the template and coding strands straight.

  3. 03

    How do genes direct the production of proteins?: MedlinePlus Genetics

    MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine · 2024

    Translation explained at a level you can adapt for a discussion post without losing accuracy.

  4. 04

    Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf

    Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell (NCBI Bookshelf) · 2002

    The wider molecular context, useful for the structural and catalytic roles of RNA the prompt invites.

06

Review before submission

Common mistakes

  • Treating the three processes as a single sequence rather than distinct events.
  • Mentioning RNA only as the product of transcription.
  • Omitting reverse transcription, which the both-DNA-and-RNA clause is pointing at.
  • Confusing the template strand with the coding strand.
  • Describing the processes without naming a single enzyme.

Submission checklist

  • Is each process defined by enzyme, template and product?
  • Have you said where each occurs in the cell?
  • Does the post account for RNA genomes?
  • Is reverse transcription explained with a clinical example?
  • Would a reader see three distinct processes rather than three stages?

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Aaron Bishop

MA, Education

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Argumentation and thesis development

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