Genetics
What each genetics question is really asking, how to structure the answer, and where the marks are likely to sit.
Naming three elements is textbook recall. The life span clause is the graded half, and it is what makes telomeres the element most worth carrying forward.
The phrase for both DNA and RNA is doing more work than it looks. It asks you to account for RNA genomes and reverse transcription, not simply to mention RNA at the transcription step.
Four is a number chosen to force breadth. A post that lists four genetic variants has misread the question, because complex inheritance is defined by the involvement of more than one kind of factor.
The outcome data question is the hard one, because a test can be analytically perfect, clinically valid, and still have no evidence that using it changes what happens to patients.
The premise in the prompt is only partly true, and saying which part is the strongest move available: GINA bars health insurers from using genetic results, and leaves life, disability and long-term care insurance entirely free to.
Part one asks for two things only, and the commonest error is writing the whole case report now — leaving parts two to four with nothing left to say.
Part two is about mechanism, and the acquired-versus-inherited question is the one that determines what you can honestly tell the family about their own risk.
The findings have to come from the family history tool you completed, and the counselling section has to be written as though you were delivering it — seven domains, in a voice a patient could follow.
The brief says this is largely opinion-based, but it also says the definition must be clear and in your own words. Getting the mechanism right is what earns you the right to the opinion.