Subway delivery COVID market description guide
Write Section II, the Product/Service Market Description, for a case paper on how Subway is changing to delivery to deal with the coronavirus: a brief analysis of the market covering major competitors, trends and market share, without repeating the case materials.
Editorial process
Last reviewed · August 12, 2026
What does Section II add that the case does not?
Two words in this instruction do most of the work and both are easy to miss. The first is brief: this is one section of a longer paper, not the paper, and the instruction says so twice. The second is the warning against repeating the case materials, which rules out the obvious opening — a paragraph explaining that Subway is a sandwich chain and that the pandemic closed dining rooms. Your reader has the case. What Section II adds is the market Subway is moving into, described from outside the case, so the sections that follow have something to argue against. Define that market before you describe it: quick-service restaurant delivery in the United States is a defensible scope, whereas food delivery generally pulls in grocery and meal kits and makes every share figure you quote incomparable. Write that boundary down in the first two lines, because a reader who does not know the market cannot judge the numbers.
The three named elements should each carry a fact rather than an impression. Major competitors means naming them and saying what they compete on: other quick-service chains that built or bought delivery capacity, the aggregator platforms that sit between restaurant and customer and take a per-order cut, and the convenience and grocery channels that absorb the same lunchtime spend. Market share means numbers with a source and a date attached, and it is worth being explicit about whose share you mean — Subway's share of quick-service restaurants is a different figure from any platform's share of delivery orders, and conflating them is the most common error in this section. Trends means direction over time rather than a snapshot: the shift in channel mix away from dine-in, the growth in digital ordering, and the change in average order value once delivery fees enter the basket. Each of those is a line you can draw, which is what the word trend asks for.
One structural decision decides whether this section reads as analysis or as a data dump, and it is worth making on purpose. Every fact you include should be one the later sections need. If your recommendation is going to be that Subway develops its own ordering app, then the aggregator commission rate and the platform's ownership of customer data belong here, because they are the premises of that argument. If your recommendation concerns store footprint, then delivery radius and order density belong here instead. Facts that support nothing later are what makes a market description feel padded. Cite everything with a date, since pandemic-period figures move quickly and an undated share number cannot be checked or trusted by whoever marks it. Where two sources disagree, quote both and say which you are using, because acknowledging the spread is stronger than picking the convenient figure and hoping nobody looks. That habit also protects the sections that build on this one.
Likely learning objectives
Inferred from the brief — check these against your own rubric.
- 01Scope the market explicitly before describing it, so share figures are comparable.
- 02Describe the market from outside the case rather than restating case materials.
- 03Name competitors and say what each competes on.
- 04Attach a source and a date to every share and trend figure.
- 05Include only facts the later sections will need.
Read the full question
Review every instruction before using the planning guidance that follows.
Turn the brief into deliverables
- 01A defined market scope stated in one sentence.
- 02Major competitors named, with the basis of competition for each.
- 03Market share figures with sources and dates.
- 04Trends described as direction over time, not as impressions.
How should competitors, share and trends be handled?
Scope
State which market you are describing — quick-service restaurant delivery, in which country, over which period — so the figures that follow are comparable.
Competitors
Name the competing chains, the aggregator platforms, and the adjacent channels, and say what each competes on: price, speed, menu, or ownership of the customer relationship.
Market share
Give figures for the share you have scoped, each with source and date, and state clearly whose share is whose.
Trends
Describe channel mix shift, digital ordering growth, and average order value over a stated period, keeping only what the later sections will use.
Where are the market data?
Recommended databases
- U.S. Census Bureau
- USDA Economic Research Service
- Small Business Administration
Search sequence
- 1.Fix the market scope in one sentence before searching for any figure.
- 2.Pull e-commerce and food service series for the channel shift the trends section describes.
- 3.Check what the later sections of your paper will argue, and collect only the facts they need.
- 4.Date every figure at the point you record it, not at the point you write.
Reference shortlist
These are authoritative starting points, not a ready-made bibliography. A qualified reviewer must confirm that each source fits the assignment and supports the claim beside which it is cited.
Nothing here is cleared for citation until you have read it.
- 01
Business and Industry: Time Series / Trend Charts
U.S. Census Bureau · 2024
The retail and food service sales series behind the channel-mix trend, with dated periods for every figure.
- 02
Food Service Industry
USDA Economic Research Service · 2024
The food-away-from-home market context that fixes the scope of the market being described.
- 03
Plan your business
U.S. Small Business Administration · 2024
The market research and competitive analysis structure that this section is following.
Review before submission
Common mistakes
- Opening by re-explaining the case — what Subway is and what the pandemic did.
- Leaving the market undefined, so grocery and meal kits contaminate the share figures.
- Conflating a chain's share of restaurants with a platform's share of delivery orders.
- Naming competitors without saying what they compete on.
- Quoting share figures with no date, in a period when the figures moved monthly.
- Overrunning the length after two explicit instructions to keep the section brief.
Submission checklist
- Market scope defined in the first lines.
- Competitors named across chains, aggregator platforms, and adjacent channels.
- Every figure dated and sourced.
- Trends stated as direction over a stated period.
- Section stays brief and repeats none of the case materials.
Use this guide to plan and review your own work. Follow your institution's rules and read our academic-integrity policy.

Written by
Aaron Bishop
MA, Education
assignment interpretation and research-methods coaching across disciplines
Aaron leads the EssayCrackers editorial desk. He works on how assignment briefs are read — what a rubric is actually asking for, and where students most often answer a different question than the one set.

Reviewed by
Dr. Nathan Cole
PhD, Rhetoric & Composition
Argumentation and thesis development
Nathan teaches first-year composition and directs a university writing center. He reviews EssayCrackers guides for argumentative soundness and citation accuracy.